Ch. 18 Flashcards
The term ___ refers to a heritable change in the genetic material.
Mutation
Positive side of mutations
They are the foundation for evolutionary change needed for a species to adapt to changes in the environment
Negative sides of mutations
New mutations are much more likely to be harmful than beneficial to the individual and often are the cause of diseases
Mutations provide ___ ___.
Allelic variations
Mutations can be divided into three main types:
- chromosome mutations
- genome mutations
- gene mutations
Chromosome mutations -
Changes in chromosome structure
Genome mutations
Changes in chromosome number
Gene mutations
Relatively small change in DNA structure that affects a single gene
A ___ ___ is a change in a single base pair.
Point mutation
A point mutation can involve a ___ ___.
Base substitution
A ___ is a change of pyrimidine (C, T to another pyrimidine or a purine (A, G) to another purine.
Transition
A ___ is a change of a pyrimindine to a purine or vice versa.
Transversion
Transitions are more ___ than transversions.
Common
___ ___ are those base substitutions that do not alter the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide.
Silent mutations
___ ___ are those base substitutions in which an amino acid change does occur.
Missense mutations
