Ch 17-Treatment of Psychological Disorders Flashcards
eclectic psychotherapy
treatment draws upon techniques from different forms of therapy (psychodynamic, behavioural, cognitive, humanistic) depending on client needs
psychodynamic psychotherapies
-insight
-psychoanalysis and defense mechanisms
-free association
dream analysis
-interpretation
-resistance
-transference
behaviour therapies
- assume disordered behaviour is learned and symptoms could be relieved by changing negative behaviours into more constructive ones
- use operant and classical conditioning to extinguish unwanted behaviours
- promote desired behaviours (token economy)
- reduce unwanted emotional responses with exposure therapy and systematic desensitization (consciously trying to relax while imagining the fearful stimulus)
cognitive therapy
- helping a client identify and correct distorted thinking about the self, others or the world
- cognitive restructuring tries to teach client to question their automatic beliefs and where they come from
- mindfulness meditation teaches indvs to be fully present in to moment
cognitive behavioural therapy
use behavioural techniques to extinguish a phobia and combine with cognitive techniques to help the client change the way they think and prevent the negative thoughts from taking over again in the future
-often used in treatment of anxiety disorders such as GAD
humanistic therapies
- based on belief that humans are good and naturally strive to be the best they can be
- person-centered therapy (rogers) is when the therapist helps the client come to realizations about the situation on their own by being genuine, empathetic and providing unconditional positive regard
- gestalt therapy helps client become aware of thoughts, behaviours, experiences and take responsibility through empty chair role play
psychopharmacology
study of drug effects on psychological states and symptoms
antipsychotic drugs
used to treat schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders
typical:block DA receptors and work well for positive symptoms, but did nothing for negative symptoms which may be due to DA underactivity; also had nasty side effect of tardive dyskinesia
atypical (ex. chlozapine): block reuptake of DA and 5-HT, which works well for both positive and negative symptoms and didn’t have nasty movement side-effects
tardive dyskinesia
severe movement disorder in which a person has grotesque, uncontrollable movement of the face and limb flailing
- seems to be irreversible once it begins
- seems to be brought on by some antipsychotics, esp typical ones
antianxiety meds
- help reduce experience of fear/anxiety
- benzodiazepines (tranquilizers; valium, xanax) facilitate GABA action (an inhibitory NT)
- high potential for abuse and dependency
antidepressants
SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) such as prozac allow 5-HT to stay in the synaptic cleft longer, which can help with the treatment of depression
-should NOT be used to treat bipolar disorder as it may aggravate or heighten manic phases
mood stabilizers
- used to treat bipolar disorder
- lithium
- suppress the swings between mania and depression
alternative/herbal/natural/
homeopathic meds
- ppl may turn to these bc of stigma, financial hardship, accessibility, the belief that natural=safe
- evidence of effectiveness is mixed
- usage should always be monitored and mentioned to family doctor
biological treatments beyond medication
- electroconvulsive therapy (ETC) may be used for severe, treatment resistant depression/mania
- transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been successful in treating depression by temporarily altering neuronal activity in the L or R prefrontal cortex
- phototherapy (exposure to bright light that mimics natural light) may be used to treat SAD
- psychosurgery, surgical destruction of certain brain areas or connections related to symptoms may be used as a last resort to treat OCD
