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KIN 150 > Ch. 17: Musculoskeletal Injuries > Flashcards

Ch. 17: Musculoskeletal Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Types of musculoskeletal injuries (5):

A
  1. Fracture
  2. Sprains
  3. Strains
  4. Dislocations
  5. Avulsions/Ruptures
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2
Q

What is a fracture?

A

Break in bone

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3
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Injury to ligament,

MOI: tension force

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4
Q

Types of fractures:

A
  1. Greenstick
  2. Spiral
  3. Comminuted
  4. Transverse
  5. Compound (Kevin Ware)
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5
Q

Purpose of ligaments:

A

hold bones together

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6
Q

What is a strain?

A

Injury to muscles and tendons

MOI: tension or contraction force

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7
Q

Purpose of tendons:

A

Attach muscle to bones

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8
Q

What is a dislocation?

A

Displacement of bones in a joint from normal position

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9
Q

What is an avulsion/rupture?

A

Complete tear of tendon from bone

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10
Q

What are some specific fractures?

A
  1. Colles Fracture
  2. Boxer’s Fracture
  3. Pott’s Fracture
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11
Q

What is a colles fracture?

A
  1. Dinner fork bend in arm
  2. MOI: FOOSH, fall on out stretched hand
  3. Fracture of the distal radius with dorsal angulation
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12
Q

What does angulation mean?

A

Bend formation

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13
Q

What is a boxer’s fracture?

A
  1. Fracture of 5th metacarpal

2. MOI: hitting object with fist

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14
Q

What is a pott’s fracture?

A
  1. Fracture of the medial and/or lateral malleolus

2. MOI: ankle fracture

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15
Q

What are the different classifications for strains and sprains? (Grades)

A
  1. Grade I Mild
  2. Grade 2 Moderate
  3. Grade 3 Severe
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16
Q

Describe a Grade I strain/sprain:

A

Mild tear or stretch of tissue, still functions properly, full range of motion

17
Q

Describe a Grade 2 strain/sprain:

A

Partial tear of tissues, still intact, altered function

18
Q

Describe a Grade 3 strain/sprain:

A

Complete tear, loss of function

19
Q

What are some MOI of musculoskeletal injuries?

A
  1. Compression
  2. Tension
  3. Shearing
  4. Bending
  5. Torsion
20
Q

When is the MOI determined when you are accessing a patient?

A

Learned during the H (history) of HOPS assessment

21
Q

What is a direct force?

A

Trauma applied at point of injury

22
Q

What is an indirect force?

A

Force transmits and injures other areas

23
Q

What is a twisting force?

A

One aspect fixed, other rotates

24
Q

What are the three forces of MOI:

A
  1. Direct
  2. Indirect
  3. Twisting
25
Q

How to assess musculoskeletal injuries?

A
  1. History
  2. Position of body found
  3. S&S
  4. Check associated or collateral injuries
26
Q

S&S of musculoskeletal injuries:

A
  1. Pain and Tenderness
  2. Exposed bone
  3. Grading or crepitus (rice krispy bones)
  4. Loss of function
  5. Joint locked into positions or dislocation
  6. Deformity
  7. Swelling/discoloration
27
Q

What is an associated or collateral injury?

A

Damage caused to other systems of the body

28
Q

How to care for bones and joints (9):

A
  1. PPE
  2. Monitor CAB (primary survey)
  3. Check for spinal
  4. Treat for shock
  5. Control severe bleeding
  6. Check pulse and capillary refill distal to injury
  7. Check motor function
  8. Splint
  9. Assess for complications (compartment syndrome)
29
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

Ex: Elephantitus

A

Increased pressure that compresses muscles, nerves, and blood vessels

30
Q

Is compartment syndrome a medical emergency?

A

Yes

31
Q

How do you assess for compartment syndrome?

5 P’s

A
  1. Pain
  2. Pallor
  3. Paresthesia
  4. Paralysis
  5. Pulselessness
32
Q

Benefits of immobilizing injuries (5):

A
  1. Reduce pain/swelling
  2. Prevent further injury
  3. May reduce blood loss
  4. Increase rate of healing
  5. Prevents closed fractures from opening skin
33
Q

5 General Splinting Rules:

A
  1. Immobilize critical patients with spine board firsts
  2. Splint when in doubt
  3. Splint before movement
  4. Use padded splints
  5. Remove clothing that impede treatment
34
Q

Other general rules of splinting:

A
  1. Splint in position found
  2. Immobilize above and below the injury
  3. Immobilize entire length of bone
  4. Check neurovascular function before and after splint (PMS)
  5. Pulse, motor, and sensory functions
  6. Wound care
35
Q

Post-splint application:

A
  1. Check capillary refill/distal pulse
  2. Check motor function
  3. Check distal sensation
  4. Transport
36
Q

Splinting considerations

A
  1. Not too tight

2. Not too loose

37
Q

Types of splints (8):

A
  1. Rigid
  2. Vacuum
  3. Pneumatic (air)
  4. Sling & Swathe
  5. Traction
  6. Plaster/fiberglass
  7. Soft
  8. Improvised
38
Q

When do you spine board?

A
  1. Neck or back fracture, dislocation suspected
  2. Spine injury with paralysis
  3. Hip dislocation
  4. Pelvic fracture
  5. Need to transport
39
Q

When to ship to hospital?

A
  1. Open fracture
  2. Dislocations
  3. Fracture results in shock
  4. Fracture that can not be adequately immobilized
  5. All suspected fractures and dislocations should be referred for x-ray

KIN 150 (11 decks)

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