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KIN 150 > Ch. 16: Head, Neck, and Brain Injuries > Flashcards

Ch. 16: Head, Neck, and Brain Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Your patient presents with a high fever, chills, intense headache, and a stiff neck. What condition do you suspect?

A

Meningitis

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2
Q

Procedures for treating a head injury (5)

A
  1. AVPU
  2. History
  3. Cranial Nerve Assessment
  4. Concussion Assessment
  5. Monitor patient and note any changes
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3
Q

12 Cranial Nerves and their functions:

A
  1. Olfactory: smell
  2. Optic: vision, peripheral and forward
  3. Oculomotor: PERRLA, middle and downward motion
  4. Trochlear: Upward eye movement
  5. Trigeminal: Cheek flex and face sensation
  6. Abducens: Sideward movement
  7. Facial: eyebrow movement, taste
  8. Vestibulocochlear: Balance, hearing
  9. Glossopharyngeal: Taste, swallow
  10. Vagus: Swallow, gag
  11. Accessory: Shoulder shrug, side view
  12. Hypoglossal: Tongue midline
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4
Q

Most comprehensive concussion assessment tool:

A

SCAT 5

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5
Q

Immediate concussion assessment (4 guides):

A
  1. Red flags
  2. Observable signs
  3. Memory
  4. Glasgow Coma Scale (eye, verbal, motion)
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6
Q

Off the field concussion assessment (4):

A
  1. Patient Background
  2. Symptoms
  3. Cognitive Screening
  4. Neurological Screen
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7
Q

Parts of the cognitive screening (3):

A
  1. Orientation
  2. Memory
  3. Concentration
    Examples: countbackwards, months backwayrds, alphabet backwards
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8
Q

Parts of the neurological screening (2):

A

Balance and coordination

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9
Q

Red flags when analyzing a head injury:

A
  1. Pain/tenderness in the neck
  2. Vomiting
  3. Severe headache
  4. Change in behavior
  5. Loss of balance
  6. Loss of consciousness
  7. Double/blurry vision
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10
Q

How many concussions can an athlete sustain before being medically disqualified? Why?

A

Decision is only made by a physician depending on how many concussions they received because their brain is more vulnerable to other conditions. Changes after concussion is considered as well. No specific number is specified because of the severity of each concussion.

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11
Q

Why are concussions so dangerous?

A
  1. Post-concussion syndrome
  2. Diffuse Cerebral Swelling
  3. Epilepsy
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12
Q

Post concussion syndrome:

A

Lasting effects of concussion, no longer than 1 month

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13
Q

Diffuse cerebral swelling:

A

Rapid and fatal brain swelling

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14
Q

Epilepsy:

A

Doubles risk of seizure disrorder within the first five years after the injury

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15
Q

Loss of memory PRIOR to trauma:

A

Retrograde amnesia

What’s your name? What happened right before you got hit? Where are you? MAKE SURE YOU KNOW THE ANSWERS

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16
Q

Loss of memory AFTER the trauma:

A

Anterograde amnesia

What did you do after getting hit? Did you walk or run to the sidelines? Give words and have them recall

17
Q

Which amnesia is worse and why?

A

Anterograde amnesia is worse because it indicates a progressive deterioration of memory, bleed or pressure caused by injury, activate EMS right away.

18
Q

What is the most comprehensive concussion assessment?

A

SCAT 5

19
Q

What does the SCAT 5 include?

A
  1. Immediate on field assessment: look for red flags, observable signs, glasgow coma scale
  2. Symptoms
  3. Cognitive screening: immediate memory, digits backward
  4. Neurological Screen: Balance and examination
  5. Delayed recall: after 5 minutes, 5 or 10
  6. Decision
20
Q

Concussions are NOT graded:

A

1 sign or symptom is enough

21
Q

Why shouldn’t you administer pain medications to concussed patients?

A

Thins blood and increase bleed

22
Q

Why shouldn’t you administer pain medications to concussed patients?

A

Thins blood and increase bleed, mask symptoms

23
Q

Steps when evaluating head injury:

A
  1. AVPU
  2. History
  3. Cranial Nerve Assessment
  4. Concussion assessment (SCAT 5)
24
Q

Concussion assessment includes:

A
  1. Patients background
  2. Observable signs
  3. Cognitive assessment/memory
  4. Neurological assessment: balance and coordination
25
Q

Balance assessments:

A
  1. Double Leg stance
  2. Single leg stance
  3. Tandem stance
  4. Tandem gate
    20 seconds, 10 errors
26
Q

Coordination component:

A

Finger to nose

27
Q

What is a concussion?

A

Mild tramatic brain injury (MTBI), damage to neurological structures

28
Q

3 MOI of concussions:

A
  1. Coup: moving object hits stationary head
  2. Contrecoup: moving head hits stationary object
  3. Rotational: head is moving with shearing forces

KIN 150 (11 decks)

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