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KIN 150 > Ch. 15: Seizures, Unconsciousness, and Diabetes > Flashcards

Ch. 15: Seizures, Unconsciousness, and Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What are some early indications of brain problems? (5)

A
  1. Stroke
  2. Hypoxia
  3. Diabetes
  4. Poisoning
  5. Head injury
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2
Q

Signs of altered mental status? (4)

A
  1. Confusion
  2. Abnormal Behavior
  3. Amnesia
  4. Coma
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3
Q

Lethargy definition:

A

sleepy/sluggish

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4
Q

Stupor definition:

A

Low awareness, slow responses

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5
Q

Mild, moderate, and severe scores for brain injury using the glasgow coma scale?

A

Mild: 13-15
Moderate: 9-12
Severe: <9

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6
Q

What can cause an altered mental status? (6)

A
  1. Stroke
  2. Head injuries
  3. Poisons
  4. Environmental conditions
  5. Conditions within the body
  6. Infections
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7
Q

What is another name for stroke?

A

CVA: Cerebrovascular Accidents

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8
Q

What happens during a stroke and some characteristics?

A

Brain doesn’t receive sufficient oxygen and functions poorly.

Motor and sensory deficits are asymmetrical.

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9
Q

Define Cerebrovascular Accidents:

A

blockage of artery supplying blood to the brain

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10
Q

What are some causes of cerebrovascular accidents? (2)

A
  1. Ischemic

2. Hemorrhagic

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11
Q

Define Ischemic stroke:

A

Thrombus or embolus clot stops blood supply

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12
Q

Define Hemorrhagic stroke:

A

Bleeding in the brain due to ruptured artery

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13
Q

S&S of cerebrovascular accidents (8):

A
  1. Unilateral disruption
  2. Weak/paralyzed
  3. Facial Paralysis
  4. Intellectual Impairment
  5. Difficulty communicating
  6. Altered mental status
  7. Sudden severe headache
  8. Altered vision
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14
Q

8 ways to assess CVA:

A
  1. Glascow coma scale
  2. Pulse
  3. Blood pressure
  4. Temperature
  5. Skin color for hypoxia
  6. Moisture
  7. Check pupils
  8. Motor and sensory functions
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15
Q

5 things to do to treat CVA:

A
  1. EMS
  2. Immediate referral
  3. Open airway
  4. Check vitals
  5. History and physical exam
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16
Q

What causes diabetes?

A

Lack of insulin in blood

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17
Q

What is insulin?

A

Hormone that manages glucose in blood

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18
Q

What organ releases insulin?

A

Pancreas

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19
Q

What happens if the brain does not receive sufficient amounts of glucose?

A
  1. Unconsciousness
  2. Seizures
  3. Brain cell death
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20
Q

Type I vs. Type II diabetes

A

Type I:
Does not produce insulin
Juvenile ( <35 y/o)

Type II:
Does not respond to insulin
Adult onset (all ages)

21
Q

S&S of Type 1 diabetes (8):

A
  1. Constant thirst
  2. Frequent urination
  3. Weight loss
  4. Constant hunger
  5. Tiredness
  6. Weak
  7. Itchy/dry skin
  8. Blurred vision
22
Q

How do you manage type 1 diabetes (3)?

A
  1. Monitor glucose levels
  2. Diet, doses of insulin
  3. Prepared for rapid-acting carbohydrates to administer during physical activity
23
Q

S&S Type 2 Diabetes (7):

A
  1. Increased thirst & urination
  2. Weight loss
  3. Hunger
  4. Fatigue
  5. Sores and frequent infections
  6. Darkened skin
  7. Blurred vision
24
Q

Definition of hyperglycemia:

A

High blood sugar

25
Q

What does hyperglycemia result in?

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

26
Q

Define Diabetic Ketoacidosis:

A

Body produces high levels of ketones

27
Q

S&S of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (6):

A
  1. Hot, dry skin
  2. Sweet/fruity breath
  3. Irregular breathing
  4. Drowsy
  5. Nausea
  6. Unresponsive
28
Q

What is Hypoglycemia?

A

Insulin shock, too much insulin but no sugar

29
Q

What causes hypoglycemia?

A

Taking too much insulin medications or skipping meals

30
Q

3 Treatment methods for hypoglycemia:

A
  1. Give high sugar food or drink
  2. Monitor glycogen levels
  3. Inject glucagon (hormone that releases sugar) if unresponsive or can’t swallow
31
Q

What to do with athlete after injecting glucagon?

A

Turn on their side

32
Q

What happens with dangerously high or low glycogen levels?

A

Diabetic Coma

33
Q

What is a seizure?

A

Abnormal brain electrical activity

34
Q

What causes seizures ? (7):

A
  1. Epilepsy
  2. Previous head trauma
  3. Drug or alcohol withdrawal
  4. Trauma
  5. Infections
  6. Poisoning
  7. Hypoglycemia
35
Q

3 Treatments for seizures:

A
  1. Anti-convulsing drugs
  2. Phenobarbital
  3. Phenytoin
36
Q

What is the period of altered sensations before a seizure occurs called?

A

Aura

37
Q

Define Status epilepticus:

A

series of epileptic attacks while being unconscious

38
Q

Threat of status eplepticus:

A

Respiratory compromise

39
Q

6 Types of seizures:

A
  1. Petit Mal
  2. Tonic
  3. Clonic
  4. Myoclonic
  5. Atonic
  6. Tonic-clonic
40
Q

What is petit mal seizures?

A

Brief attention lapses most common in childhood

41
Q

What is tonic seizures?

A

Stiffened muscles

42
Q

What is clonic seizures?

A

rhythmic muscle contractions

43
Q

What is a myoclonic seizure?

A

twitches of extremities

44
Q

What is a atonic seizure?

A

Sudden collapse

45
Q

What is tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal):

A

most intense, loss of consciousness, stiff and shaking body, biting tongue, loss of bladder control

46
Q

How to manage a seizure?

A
  1. Protect from harm
  2. Open Airway but do not force
  3. Monitor vitals
  4. Do not hold still
47
Q

Manage after seizure (4):

A
  1. Check: airway, breathing, circulation
  2. Treat injuries if needed
  3. Prepare for additional seizures
  4. Monitor vitals
48
Q

When is a seizure an emergency?

A
  1. Lasts longer than 5 min
  2. More than one while unconscious
  3. Injury occurs
  4. Does not return to normal consciousness
49
Q

A condition in which there is low insulin and high blood sugar levels in the body is known as:

A

Hyperglycemia

KIN 150 (11 decks)

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