Ch. 15: Seizures, Unconsciousness, and Diabetes

Question 1

What are some early indications of brain problems? (5)

Answer 1

1. Stroke
2. Hypoxia
3. Diabetes
4. Poisoning
5. Head injury

Question 2

Signs of altered mental status? (4)

Answer 2

1. Confusion
2. Abnormal Behavior
3. Amnesia
4. Coma

Question 3

Lethargy definition:

Answer 3

sleepy/sluggish

Question 4

Stupor definition:

Answer 4

Low awareness, slow responses

Question 5

Mild, moderate, and severe scores for brain injury using the glasgow coma scale?

Answer 5

Mild: 13-15
Moderate: 9-12
Severe: <9

Question 6

What can cause an altered mental status? (6)

Answer 6

1. Stroke
2. Head injuries
3. Poisons
4. Environmental conditions
5. Conditions within the body
6. Infections

Question 7

What is another name for stroke?

Answer 7

CVA: Cerebrovascular Accidents

Question 8

What happens during a stroke and some characteristics?

Answer 8

Brain doesn’t receive sufficient oxygen and functions poorly.

Motor and sensory deficits are asymmetrical.

Question 9

Define Cerebrovascular Accidents:

Answer 9

blockage of artery supplying blood to the brain

Question 10

What are some causes of cerebrovascular accidents? (2)

Answer 10

1. Ischemic

2. Hemorrhagic

Question 11

Define Ischemic stroke:

Answer 11

Thrombus or embolus clot stops blood supply

Question 12

Define Hemorrhagic stroke:

Answer 12

Bleeding in the brain due to ruptured artery

Question 13

S&S of cerebrovascular accidents (8):

Answer 13

1. Unilateral disruption
2. Weak/paralyzed
3. Facial Paralysis
4. Intellectual Impairment
5. Difficulty communicating
6. Altered mental status
7. Sudden severe headache
8. Altered vision

Question 14

8 ways to assess CVA:

Answer 14

1. Glascow coma scale
2. Pulse
3. Blood pressure
4. Temperature
5. Skin color for hypoxia
6. Moisture
7. Check pupils
8. Motor and sensory functions

Question 15

5 things to do to treat CVA:

Answer 15

1. EMS
2. Immediate referral
3. Open airway
4. Check vitals
5. History and physical exam

Question 16

What causes diabetes?

Answer 16

Lack of insulin in blood

Question 17

What is insulin?

Answer 17

Hormone that manages glucose in blood

Question 18

What organ releases insulin?

Answer 18

Pancreas

Question 19

What happens if the brain does not receive sufficient amounts of glucose?

Answer 19

1. Unconsciousness
2. Seizures
3. Brain cell death

Question 20

Type I vs. Type II diabetes

Answer 20

Type I:
Does not produce insulin
Juvenile ( <35 y/o)

Type II:
Does not respond to insulin
Adult onset (all ages)

Question 21

S&S of Type 1 diabetes (8):

Answer 21

1. Constant thirst
2. Frequent urination
3. Weight loss
4. Constant hunger
5. Tiredness
6. Weak
7. Itchy/dry skin
8. Blurred vision

Question 22

How do you manage type 1 diabetes (3)?

Answer 22

1. Monitor glucose levels
2. Diet, doses of insulin
3. Prepared for rapid-acting carbohydrates to administer during physical activity

Question 23

S&S Type 2 Diabetes (7):

Answer 23

1. Increased thirst & urination
2. Weight loss
3. Hunger
4. Fatigue
5. Sores and frequent infections
6. Darkened skin
7. Blurred vision

Question 24

Definition of hyperglycemia:

Answer 24

High blood sugar

Question 25

What does hyperglycemia result in?

Answer 25

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Question 26

Define Diabetic Ketoacidosis:

Answer 26

Body produces high levels of ketones

Question 27

S&S of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (6):

Answer 27

1. Hot, dry skin 2. Sweet/fruity breath 3. Irregular breathing 4. Drowsy 5. Nausea 6. Unresponsive

Question 28

What is Hypoglycemia?

Answer 28

Insulin shock, too much insulin but no sugar

Question 29

What causes hypoglycemia?

Answer 29

Taking too much insulin medications or skipping meals

Question 30

3 Treatment methods for hypoglycemia:

Answer 30

1. Give high sugar food or drink 2. Monitor glycogen levels 3. Inject glucagon (hormone that releases sugar) if unresponsive or can't swallow

Question 31

What to do with athlete after injecting glucagon?

Answer 31

Turn on their side

Question 32

What happens with dangerously high or low glycogen levels?

Answer 32

Diabetic Coma

Question 33

What is a seizure?

Answer 33

Abnormal brain electrical activity

Question 34

What causes seizures ? (7):

Answer 34

1. Epilepsy 2. Previous head trauma 3. Drug or alcohol withdrawal 4. Trauma 5. Infections 6. Poisoning 7. Hypoglycemia

Question 35

3 Treatments for seizures:

Answer 35

1. Anti-convulsing drugs 2. Phenobarbital 3. Phenytoin

Question 36

What is the period of altered sensations before a seizure occurs called?

Answer 36

Aura

Question 37

Define Status epilepticus:

Answer 37

series of epileptic attacks while being unconscious

Question 38

Threat of status eplepticus:

Answer 38

Respiratory compromise

Question 39

6 Types of seizures:

Answer 39

1. Petit Mal 2. Tonic 3. Clonic 4. Myoclonic 5. Atonic 6. Tonic-clonic

Question 40

What is petit mal seizures?

Answer 40

Brief attention lapses most common in childhood

Question 41

What is tonic seizures?

Answer 41

Stiffened muscles

Question 42

What is clonic seizures?

Answer 42

rhythmic muscle contractions

Question 43

What is a myoclonic seizure?

Answer 43

twitches of extremities

Question 44

What is a atonic seizure?

Answer 44

Sudden collapse

Question 45

What is tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal):

Answer 45

most intense, loss of consciousness, stiff and shaking body, biting tongue, loss of bladder control

Question 46

How to manage a seizure?

Answer 46

1. Protect from harm 2. Open Airway but do not force 3. Monitor vitals 4. Do not hold still

Question 47

Manage after seizure (4):

Answer 47

1. Check: airway, breathing, circulation 2. Treat injuries if needed 3. Prepare for additional seizures 4. Monitor vitals

Question 48

When is a seizure an emergency?

Answer 48

1. Lasts longer than 5 min 2. More than one while unconscious 3. Injury occurs 4. Does not return to normal consciousness

Question 49

A condition in which there is low insulin and high blood sugar levels in the body is known as:

Answer 49

Hyperglycemia