Ch 16 Finishes Flashcards
What are the 4 basic types of wood flooring?
Strip flooring: consists of thin strips varying in lengths with toungue-and-groove edges at 2 1/4” wide
Plank flooring: same as strip flooring but 4”- 8” wide
Block flooring: reassembled wood flooring ( I.e. parquet)
End grain blocks: solid pieces of wood laid on their ends
Grading Rules are set by
NOFMA AND MFMA
Clear is the best and most uniform color
What two wood floorings qualify as sustainable?
Bamboo (fast growing, not on a tree) and palm wood (by-product of plantation grown coconut palms)
What are the too methods for installing wood floor over a concrete sub floor?
3/4” plywood is attached to concrete floor to provide a nailable base with a layer of polyethylene film laid first if moisture is problem
2” x4” wood sleepers attached to concrete floor with wood flooring landed on top, the sleepers provide air space for any excess moisture can escape.
most dimensionally stable flooring is
engineered
What finishes are available for granite stones?
polished (mirrored, reflective)
honed ( dull sheen, no reflections)
fine-rubbed (smooth, no sheen)
thermal / flamed (coarse surface)
What are the 2 primary install methods for stone flooring?
Thin set: stone is set on a subfloor with a special thin -set mortar ( 1/8” or less) or with adhesive
Thick-set: a layer of mortar (3/4” - 1 1/4”) applied to a suitably prepared structurally sound subfloor - The stone is either applied to wet mortar or dried with additional dry-set mortar
What ave advantages and disadvantages to thick-set and thin-set stone installation?
Thick: compensate for uneven floor or stone thickness but take more time, money, and heavy
Thin: less expensive, light, fast to install, but all stones must be same thickness
What is terrazzo?
Composite material poured in place or precast that is used for floors, walls, and stairs. It consists of chips of marble, quartz, granite, etc., in a matrix that is cementitious or chemical. Terrazzo is poured, cured, ground, and polished to produce a smooth surface
What are the 4 basic types of terrazzo?
Standard terrazzo: small chips n larger than 3/8”
Venetian terrazzo: chips larger than 3/8”
Palladian terrazzo: thin, random-fractured slabs or marble with standard terrazzo in between
Rustic terrazzo: has matrix depressed to expose the chips
What is a resilient flooring?
Composite of materials made from various resins, fibers, plasticizers, and fillers-formed under heat and pressure to produce thin sheets or tiles
What are the 4 common types of resilient flooring?
Vinyl, rubber, cork, linoleum
Before installing flooring on a concrete, what must the concrete be free of?
Excess moisture and alkalinity
Calcium Floride Test
Most common also known as moister dome test
Hydrometer test measurers
Moisture emmision
What are the 3 basic forms of carpet?
Rug: soft floor covering not fastened to the floor
Sheet carpet: long rolls installed with no visible seams (typically 12’ wide)
Carpet tiles: individual pieces of carpet applied to floor with pressure sensitive adhesive
What advantages does carpet tile have over sheet carpet?
Their modular design allows damaged pieces to be replaced without pulling entire carpetup.
What fibers are carpets made from?
Wool: natural, durable, flame resistant, expensive
Nylon: durable , can be died, cleans easy, economical
Acrylic: more wool appearance, can be died, cleans easy
Polyesters: synthetic polymers, abrasion resistant, cleans easy, mildew resistant, low cost
Olefin: indoor-outdoor use, durable, cleans easy
What type of carpet construction has no separate primary backing?
Woven
What methods are used to manufacture carpet? Describe them.
Weaving: interlacing work and weft yarns (most exspensive)
Tufting: pile of yarn is punched through the backing, similar to sewing machine (cost effective, most common method)
Needle punching: similar to tufting except fibers pulled through a backing with barbed needles
Fusion bonding: embeds pile yarn in a backing of liquid vinyl ( primarily for carpet tiles)
What are the 3 primary weaving methods for carpet manufacturing
Wilton method; allows complex pattens and several textures, heavier and more expensive
Velvet method: simplist weave, all pile yarn remains on face of carpet, generally sold colour
Axminster: deliver different colours at different times to produce more complex patterns like floral or geometric
What benefits does adding cushion to a carpet have?
Longer life, better comfort, sound absorption, less impact noice,
What are the common carpet cushion materials?
Sponge rubber, felt, urethane, foam rubber
What are the two way carpet is installed?
Direct glue down: carpet is attached to the floor with adhesive
Stretched-in: uses tankless strips attached around the perimeter of the room, the string have embedded sharp points which the carpet is stretched against and held in place.
What are the common types of tile?
Ceramic: made from clay or clay mixture, glazed or unglazed, and fired above red heat
Quarry tile: glazed or unglazed, typically 6 insq facial area, and made by the extrusion process from natural clay
Porcelain: similar to ceramic but uses lighter and denser clay, and fired at a high temperature. The firing process removes almost all water from tile, making for a tile more dense and harder that ceramic
What are nonvitreous tiles
Nonvitreous tile: has a water absorption rate more than 7%
impervious tile has
has water absorption rate less than 0.5%
semivitreous tile has
has water absorption between 0.5% and 7%
hat are the 2 most common methods of laying a tile floor?
Thin-set: tiles laid on a suitable substrate with a thin coating of dry-set or latex-portland cement mortar and grouted
Full mortar bed: tile and reinforced mortar are separated from the structural floor with a cleavage membrane to allow the two floors to move independently
When should tiles be installed with a thin-set method or full mortar bed method?
Thin-set methods must be used only on level sub-floor that won’t deflect or move in anyway. If these conditions can not be met, full mortar method should be used.
When are expansion joints required in ceramic tile floors?
For large expanses of tile and where tile abuts restraining surfaces, like at colcums
ASTM D2047
Static coefficient of friction (only smooth or dry)
ASTM C1028
SCF of ceramic tile (Both dry and wet)
ASTM F609
TEST using a horizontal pull simmeter COF of footweat
ASTM F462
SAFTEY SPEC OF SLIP RESISTANCE BATHING FACILITIES (SOAPY WATER)
What is laminate flooring/what is it composed of?
Composed of a clear wearing sheet over melamine -impregnated decorative printed sheet with core layers of phenolic- impregnated kraft paper, these sheets are laminate to a high density fibreboard core under heat and pressure and covered with a water resistant backing sheet.
What are advantages and disadvantages of laminate flooring?
Advantages: decorative print / endless possibilities, durable, stain resistant, easy to install, low cost
Disadvantages; not natural / environmental factors, not suitable for wet areas
What is seamless flooring?
Mixture of resin matrix, fillers, decorative materials applied in a liquid form that cures into a hard seamless floor.
What is “coefficent of friction” (COF)
Measurement of the degree of slip resistance on a floor surface between 0-1. The higher the COF , the less slippery the surface
What protocol is used to measure COF on a flooring material ?
DCOF AcuTest - which is contained in ANSI A137
What are the 4 components of paint?
Binder: component that gives paints film integrity and holds pigment particles together
Pigments: finely ground natural or synthetic insoluble materials that give paint it’s colour and concealing abilities.
Liquid: keeps paint fluid until it dries to leave a dry film of binder and pigment on the surface
Additives: components added to the paint to impart certain attributes
What are solvent-based and water-based paints?
Solvent-based: have binders that dissolve in or contain organic solvents.
Water-based: have binders that are soluble or dispersed in water
What environmental and safthey considerations that need to be considered when specifying paint or recommending its removal
Lead-based paint and volatile organic compounds
What are the 3 grades of vinyl wall covering?what applications are they used in?
Type 1: light duty - residential and low traffic commercial areas (7-13 oz/yd)
Type 2: medium duty - residential, commercial, and moderate traffic institutional areas (13-22 oz/yd)
Type 3: heavy duty - high traffic area like public corridors & hospitals (over 22 oz/yd
What are the 4 categories of window coverings?
Shades, blinds, soft coverings, hard coverings
What are the 3 types of shade window coverings? Describe them
Roller shades: cloth wound around a spring roller
Roman shades: pull up with a cord into accordion folds
Austrian shades: similar to Roman but pull into scallops
What are the 3 types of blinds
Venetian blinds: horizontal slats whose angle can be adjusted with a control cord and varying levels with another cord
Mini blinds: same as Venetian except slats are mini and angle controlled with rod
Vertical blinds: slats on a vertical top track and can pull to the side to reveal window
What is the difference between drapery and curtains?
Drapery is loosely hung fabric that covers the window, while curtains are also hung fabric-they are hung within the window frame and meant to remain closed.
What are the 4 types of drapery pleats?
Pinch pleat, stack pleat, roll pleat, accordion pleat
How is the amout of carpet needed calculated?
tep 1: add all lengths of each carpet roll needed
Step2: multiply total length by (1yd ÷ 3ft) = (0.333333) to convert total length into yards
Step 3: multiply total yard length by 4yds (which is 12ft, which is roll width )
Step 4: round up to nearest whole yard
How is amount of wallpaper needed calculated with the square footage method for rolls less than 54 inches wide?
Step 1: calculate perimeter of the room
Step 2: multiply perimeter by ceiling height to get total sqft
Step 3: add a 20% waste factor to total sqft (multiply sqft by 0.2)
Step 4: calculate the area not being covered I.e. doors (15sqft) windows (15sqft for 2 windows)
Step 5: subtract area not being covered from total sqft
Step 6: divide the area per roll (27in roll has 36sqft - double roll has 72sqft) by step 5 sqft total , round up to nearest whole number
How is the amount of wallpaper with a pattern repeat installed with a half.drop match
Use the same steps as the sqft method for rolls less that 54” but use a modified Cri,ing height based on the repeat dimension
Step 1: divide the height of wall in inches by distance it the pattern repeat in inches, round to nearest whole number
Step 2: multiply step 1 by distance of the pattern repeat in inches to get the modified ceiling height
Step 3: multiply modified ceiling height by room perimeter
Step 4: add 20 percent waste factor (step 3 x 0.2)
Step 5: calculate area not covered
Step 6: subtract area not covered from total area
Step 7: divide area per roll of wallpaper into the area found in step 6
What are the 3 types of wallpaper matching methods?
What are the 3 types of wallpaper matching methods?
