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Missy/Monday/8:30 > Ch. 16 Abdomen > Flashcards

Ch. 16 Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Proper respiration for abdominal radiography should be ____.

A

Exhalation

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2
Q

The optimal kV used for abdominal radiography is ____.

A

70-80

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3
Q

For upright radiography of the abdomen when free air is to be ruled, the CR should be directed to ____.

A

2” above level of umbilicus (L4) (iliac crest)

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4
Q

The proper decubitus to be performed for an abdomen series on a pt who is unable to stand is ____

A

Left Lateral Decubitus

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5
Q

The proper decubitus that may be utilized to demonstrate the presence of a AAA is ____.

A

Dorsal Decub

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6
Q

What type of motion can be eliminated by the use of proper instructions and a high comfort level of the pt when performing abdominal radiography?

A

Voluntary

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7
Q

This anatomical structure MUST be included on upright radiography.

A

Diaphragm

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8
Q

List 3 criteria for a decubitus radiograph.

A

1) Recumbent pt
2) Horizontal CR
3) Vertical IR

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9
Q

What muscle can be demonstrated on either side of the vertebral column in a triangular shape on abdominal radiography?

A

Psoas

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10
Q

List the 2 structures (also list the vertebral level) to bisect when centering for a kidney shot:

A

1) Xyphoid Process T-10

2) Umbilicus L-4

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11
Q

Which kidney is lower and why?

A

Right kidney is lower due to liver

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12
Q

The proper centering for a KUB is ____.

A

Iliac Crest (L4)

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13
Q

KUB stands for what anatomical structures:

A

Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder

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14
Q

What is the minimum degree that a patient should be elevated when performing an upright abdomen radiograph?

A

70 degrees; if less must do LLD

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15
Q

What is the proper centering for a bladder shot?

A

2” bellow ASIS or 2” above pubic symphysis

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16
Q

Why is it important to use the proper respiration when performing abdominal radiography?

A

Gets diaphrgam up so organs are not compressed and full abdominal cavity may be seen

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17
Q

Why are upright or decubitus radiographs performed?

A

Demonstrate air and fluid levels.

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18
Q

If performing an upright on a pt who cannot stand completely upright how should the CR be directed to accurately demonstrate air and fluid levels?

A

CR must remain parallel to the horizon for accurate demonstrate of air and fluid levels

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19
Q

What is the projection of the decubitus abdomen radiograph that has their anterior surface facing the tube?

A

AP Projection

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20
Q

List an advantage for doing the abdomen using a PA projection?

A

Greatly reduces pt gonadal dose

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21
Q

What must be included on an upright abdomen radiograph? (from what to what)

A

Diaphragm to acetabulum

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22
Q

If performing 2 CW radiographs of the abdomen on a large pt what needs to demonstrated on the finished radiographs to ensure that all anatomy is included?

A

Overlap

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23
Q

When is a diaphragm shot necessary and describe how to perform this radiograph.

A

Needed when he diaphragm is clipped. Top of IR is at axillary level to ensure diaphragm is on radiograph.

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24
Q

The surgical removal of the gallbladder is ____.

A

Cholecystectomy

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25
Q

The liver is located in the ____.

A

RUQ

26
Q

All __1__ are __2__, but not all abdomens are __3__.

A

1) KUBS
2) abdomens
3) KUBS

27
Q

The movement of foodstuff through the digestive tract will cause this type of motion on a radiograph.

A

Involuntary

28
Q

What structure is included on a radiograph to ensure that the bladder is included?

A

Pubic Symphysis

29
Q

What is the minimum time that a patient needs to remain on their side when performing a decubitus study?

A

5 min; 15-20 min is optimum

30
Q

What is the medical term for blood in the stool?

A

Hematochezia

31
Q

What do the letters AAA stand for?

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

32
Q

What is the proper SID for abdominal radiography?

A

40

33
Q

Which hemi-diaphragm is lower?

A

left

34
Q

3 natural holes in diaphragm

A

1) IVC
2) SVC
3) Esophagus

35
Q

Lateral and Decub shows ____

A

Prevertebral space

36
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Spleen, Pancreas, Gallbladder, Stomach, Small Intestine, Kidneys

37
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Uterus, Rectum, Bladder

38
Q

The cavity behind the peritoneum.
2 organs.
2 folds

A

Retroperitoneum
kidneys, pancreas
mesentery, omenta (support the viscera in position)

39
Q

Pathology defined as a blockage of the bowel lumen.

A

Obstruction

40
Q

Pathology that is a localized dilatation of the abdominal aorta.

A

Aneurysm

41
Q

Presence of air in the peritoneal cavity.

A

Pneumoperitoneum

42
Q

Pathology of the abdomen that is defined as the failure of bowel peristalsis.

A

Ileus

43
Q

Some questions for abdominal radiography.

A

1) Are you having pain or discomfort in your abdomen?
If so, show me where the pain is.
2) How long has it been there, and has it worsened recently?
3) Do you have any blood in your urine? Is it bright red or dark red?

44
Q

Barium Enema pt have to take __1__, __2__, and __3__ before reporting to hospital in AM. Also __4__ after midnight.

A

1) take pills
2) drink some fluids
3) and take an enema
4) NPO

45
Q

Oral Cholecystogram pt are to take __1__ for the past two nights each prior to the test, and be __2__ after midnight.

A

1) 4 pills

2) NPO

46
Q

Barium Swallow, Upper GI, and S.B.S pt ar to be ____ after midnight only.

A

NPO

47
Q

IVP pt take __1__ the night prior to the exam, and are __2__ after midnight also.

A

1) castor oil

2) NPO

48
Q

Questions to ask before tests.

A

1) Did you have the preparation for the test today? (specifically ask if they had enema, or didn’t eat, or had castor oil)
2) Any abdominal surgeries? ( specifically ask hysterectomy, cholecystectomy, appendectomy)
3) Any hernias or ulcers? (ask for UGI and SBS)

49
Q

GI, BE, SBS, IVP Surveys are done with the pt __1__,

14” X 17” __2__, CR perp to __3__, and respirations __4__,

A

1) Supine
2) LW
3) Crest
4) respirations suspended on exhalation

50
Q

SBS f/u (drinks barium, timed)- pt is __1__, CR centered at __2__, mark film with __3__, respirations __4__.

A

1) prone
2) crest (or slightly above if early)
3) appropriate time (15-20 minutes)
4) respirations suspended on exhalation

51
Q

Post evac (after BE poo)- pt is __1__, CR centered at __2__, mark film with __3__, respirations __4__.

A

1) prone
2) crest
3) PE marker
4) respirations suspended on exhalation

52
Q

Post void (after IPV/kidney test)- pt __1__, CR centeted __2__, mark film with __3__ and __4__, respirations __5__.

A

1) AP upright
2) crest
3) arrow
4) PV marker
5) respirations suspended on exhalation
void- micturition

53
Q

Most commonly performed is supine, AP projection called a __1__ because criteria is that kidneys, ureters, and bladder must be on radiograph. Commonly performed on pt’s who are having __2__ or __3__.

A

1) KUB
2) Urinary Type Testing
3) F/u’s

54
Q

May perform a supine AP Projection and __1__ AP Projection to rule out __2__ in abdominal cavity. This is commonly called __3__. Flat Abdomen is actually __4__ because of criteria. The Upright AP Projection includes __5__ to __6__. Ensure the entire abdominal cavity superiorly to the __7__ inferiorly is included.

A

1) Upright
2) Free Air and Demonstrate Air and Fluid Levels
3) Flat and Upright Series
4) KUB
5) Acetabulum
6) Diaphragm
7) Appendix

55
Q

May perform an __1__ in which the Flat and Upright is accompanied with __2__ of the chest to ensure the __3__ is included to rule out __4__ above or below diaphragm.

A

1) Acute Abdomen Series
2) PA Projection
3) Lower Chest Cavity
4) Free Air

56
Q

For AP abdomen or __1__, supine is preferred but can be done upright.
SUPINE: Center IR at level of __2__ and ensure inclusion of __3__.
BLADDER SHOT: If miss bladder, use __4__ and center __5__-suspend __6__.
UPRIGHT: center IR __7__ ; if bladder is to be included center at __8__. (not necessary at Whg)

A

1) KUB
2) Iliac Crest
3) Pubic Symphysis (will include bladder)
4) 10 X 12 CW
5) center 2-3” above border of Pub Symph (aka 2” below ASIS
6) Respiration
7) 2” above Iliac Crest (to include diaphragm)
8) Iliac Crest

57
Q

More for AP Abdomen or KUB- CR perp to IR at level of __1__ for supine, horizontal and __2__ for upright. SUPINE: Study of __3__ to __4__. UPRIGHT: Study of __5__ without motion, Diaphragm Shot if miss- top of IR at __6__ and do CW.

A

1) Iliac Crest
2) 2” above Iliac Crest
3) Pub Symph
4) Upper Border of Abdomen
5) Diaphragm
6 Axilla

58
Q

More for AP Abdomen or KUB- KIDNEY SHOT: When kidneys not included, may use 14 X 17 __1__ collimated or preferably __2__ CW supine. CR perp to IR directed __3__.

A

1) CW
2) 10 X12
3) Midway between the Xyphoid Process (T10) and the Umbilicus (L4)

59
Q

PA Projection (__1__)- CR is horizontal centered __2__. When __3__ aren’t primary interest, the PA is best due to __4__.

A

1) Upright

2) 2” above the Iliac Crest (same structures shown and criteria are same as AP Upright Projection)

60
Q

AP Projection- Lt Lateral Decub done if pt is too ill to stand. Center IR at level of __1__ with slightly higher CR at __2__ is necessary to include diaphragm. Preferred since stomach won’t rise above midline; in position __3__ won’t be mistaken for __4__. Stay in position for __5__.

A

1) Iliac Crest
2) 2” above Iliac Crest
3) Meganblase
4) Free Air
5) 10-20 minutes

61
Q

Lateral Projection- RT or LT Position center IR at __1__ or __2__ to include diaphragm. May use __3__ for stability. CR center at __4__ or __5__ if including diaphragm. R/u __6__.

A

1) Iliac Crest
2) 2” above to include diaphragm
3) compression band
4) Iliac Crest
5) 2” above to include diaphragm
6) Calcifications or tumor masses

62
Q

Lateral Projection- RT or LT Dorsal Decub Position used when pt can’t stand or lie on side. IR is centered __1__, CR entering __2__which is valuable in dem __3__ . May be used to Rule out __4__.

A

1) 2” above Iliac Crest
2) MCP
3) Pre-Vertebral Space
4) AAA (Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm)

Missy/Monday/8:30 (6 decks)

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