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Missy/Monday/8:30 > Ch. 10 Chest 10/26/15 > Flashcards

Ch. 10 Chest 10/26/15 Flashcards

1
Q

The MSP is ____ to the image receptor for a lateral projection of the chest.

A

Parallel

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2
Q

If the lungs appear short and broad with a high diaphragm with organs lying away from the mid-line the body habitus is ____.

A

Hypersthenic

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3
Q

For a well inspired chest radiograph, there should be ____ ribs present within the air filled lungs.

A

10

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4
Q

The space between the lungs that is bound anteriorly by the sternum and posteriorly by the vertebrae is referred to as the ____.

A

Mediastinum

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5
Q

For an AP/PA projection of the chest, the ____ is parallel to the film.

A

MCP

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6
Q

The CR should be directed to the vertebral level of ____ fir a PA projection of the chest.

A

T7

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7
Q

Another term for the trachea is ____.

A

Windpipe

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8
Q

The epiglottis is found on the top if this structure and will elevate when a person swallows to avoid food going down the wrong tract.

A

Larynx

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9
Q

The term used to describe a 72” SID used for routine chest radiography is ____?

A

Teleroentgenogram

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10
Q

Why is a left lateral position preferred for chest radiography rather than right?

A

Decrease magnification of the heart

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11
Q

Inhalation and exhalation films are performed for the following 4 reasons:

A

1) There is suspicion of a Pneumothorax
2) Foreign bodies are inhaled
3) Diaphragm is fixed
4) Atelectasis

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12
Q

Why is a double inspiration preferred for chest radiography?

A

More air is inhaled during the second breath and without strain than with the first breath.

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13
Q

This organ is also called the voice box.

A

Larynx

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14
Q

The trachea has ____ incomplete C-shaped cartilage like rings for rigidity.

A

16-20

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15
Q

The left lung contains __a__ major lobes and the right lung contains __b__ major lobes.

A

a) 2

b) 3

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16
Q

The most superior portion of the lungs is termed as the ____.

A

Apices

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17
Q

The muscle that is located between the thoracic and abdominal cavities is called the ____.

A

Diaphragm

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18
Q

Referring to the previous question, which half of this muscle is situated higher within the body and why?

A

The right half is situated higher to make room for the liver.

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19
Q

Name the cartilage point where the Right and Left Bronchus divide.

A

Carina

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20
Q

List 4 reasons to perform chest radiography in the upright position whenever possible.

A

1) Prevent engorgement of pulmonary vessels.
2) To allow the diaphragm to move to its lowest position.
3) Showing the maximum lung field.
4) Air/fluid levels seen if present.

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21
Q

To identify rotation of a PA position chest radiograph, you should look for symmetry of these on the finished radiograph.

A

SC joints

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22
Q

To identify rotation of a lateral position chest radiograph, you should look for ____ on the finished radiograph.

A

Superimposition of the ribs posterior to the vertebral column.

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23
Q

The method name for an AP axial lordotic chest radiograph is called ____.

A

Lindblom

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24
Q

Describe how to position the pt in Linblom Method.

A

Have pt lean backwards in a position of extreme lordosis and rest shoulders against bucky; may also place pt’s back against bucky and have pt walk feet forward about 1 ft, arching the back, flex elbows and place hands palm out on hips.

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25
Q

If the pt is unable to achieve the previous method, what can be done in order to place the apices below the shadows of the clavicles on the finished radiograph.

A

AP Axial Projection- perform upright or supine, angle at 15-20 degrees cephalic to the center of the IR and manibrium.

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26
Q

For a routine PA chest position, where should the top of he imaging plate be placed?

A

1 and 1/2 to 2 in above relaxed shoulders.

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27
Q

Explain why it is important to have the pt elevate their arms for the lateral position of the chest?

A

To ensure they are out of the field of view.

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28
Q

Explain how to remove the shadows of the scapulae from the lungs field when performing a PA/AP chest.

A

Hug bucky/ roll shoulders forward.

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29
Q

What is the proper SID used when performing an AP single view or portable AP chest radiograph?

A

60”-72” recommended- Whg Hospital uses 50”

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30
Q

Where should the film be placed when performing an AP Axial Lordotic view of chest and why?

A

3” above shoulders because image will be thrown up and so the apices won’t be clipped.

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31
Q

List 3 history questions specific to the chest radiography.

A

1) Are you having pain in your chest? If so, where?
2) How long has this been going on?
3) Having any coughing, shortness of breath, congestion, wheezing, etc.?

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32
Q

List 3 pathologies specific to the chest cavity that you would list as previous conditions.

A

1) Pneumonia
2) Bronchitis
3) Emphysema

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33
Q

What vertebral level is the carina?

A

T4-T5

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34
Q

What is the name of for the 9 regions that divide the abdominal cavity?

A

Addison’s Planes

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35
Q

Where vessels enter a lung.

A

Hilum

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36
Q

Inferior border of thoracic cavity.

A

Diaphragm

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37
Q

Major airway tube.

A

Trachea

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38
Q

Number of lobes in right lung.

A

3

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39
Q

Side of lung where vessels enter.

A

Medial

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40
Q

Double-walled, serous membrane sac.

A

Pleura

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41
Q

Respiratory sacs.

A

Alveoli

42
Q

Area between lungs.

A

Mediastinum

43
Q

This lung has 2 lobes.

A

Left

44
Q

Inferior part of a lung.

A

Base

45
Q

Pertaining to the chest cavity.

A

Thoracic

46
Q

These branch from the trachea.

A

Bronchi

47
Q

Separates a lung in lobes.

A

Fissure

48
Q

What mediastinal structure consists of C-shaped cartilaginous rings?

A

Trachea

49
Q

Which structures branch from the distal end of the trachea?

A

Primary Bronchi

50
Q

Which structures are at the terminal end of the respiratory system?

A

Alveoli

51
Q

Name 3 portions of the pleura.

A

1) Inner layer- Visceral Pleura
2) Outer layer- Parietal Pleura
3) Space between layers- Pleural Cavity

52
Q

A collapse of all parts of a lung.

A

Atelectasis

53
Q

Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity.

A

Pleural Effusion

54
Q

Underaeration of the lungs due to lack of surfactant.

A

Hyaline Membrane (respiratory distress syndrome)

55
Q

Chronic infection of lung due to the tubercle bacillus.

A

Tuberculosis

56
Q

Replacement of air with fluid in the lung interstitium and alveoli.

A

Pulmonary Edema

57
Q

Pneumonia involving the bronchi and scattered throughout the lung.

A

Lobular (broncho-pneumonia)

58
Q

Condition of unknown origin often associated with pulmonary fibrosis.

A

Sarcoidosis

59
Q

Accumulation of air in the pleural cavity resulting in collapse of the lung.

A

Pneumothorax

60
Q

Pneumonia involving the alveoli of an entire lobe without involving the bronchi.

A

Lobar (bacterial pneumonia)

61
Q

Destructive and obstructive airway changes leading to an increased volume of air in the lungs.

A

Emphysema.

62
Q

Average build.

A

Sthenic

63
Q

Thin build.

A

Hyposthenic

64
Q

Extremely slender, lungs long and extended well above clavicles, diaphragm is low, organs near midline.

A

Asthenic

65
Q

The thoracic viscera consists of the lungs and the ____.

A

mediastinal structures

66
Q

The 6 radiography important mediastinal structures.

A

1) Heart
2) Great Vessels
3) Trachea
4) Esophagus
5) Lymphatics
6) Thymus

67
Q

Produces the hormone Thymosin which plays critical role in development of immune system. Primary control organ of the Lymphatic System.

A

Thymus

68
Q

7 structures that make up the Respiratory System.

A

1) Nose
2) Mouth
3) Pharynx
4) Larynx
5) Trachea
6) Bronchi
7) Alveoli (parenchyma)/ gas exchangers

69
Q

Organ of both Respiratory and Digestive systems; extends from base of skull to the esophagus; 3 divisions?

A

Pharynx

1) Nasopharynx
2) Oropharynx
3) Laryngopharynx

70
Q

Vertebral level of C4-C6; had 9 catilages; has epilgottis on top.

A

Larynx (voice box)

71
Q

Vertebral level C6-T4; has 16-20 incomplete cartilaginous rings; splits into 2 tubes called primary or main stem bronchi at T4.

A

Trachea

72
Q

Foreign bodies are most likely to pass into which Bronchus and why?

A

Right branch because it is more vertical and bigger diameter.

73
Q

____-portion of the left lobe that corresponds in position to the right middle lobe.

A

Lingula

74
Q

____-part of the lung located where ribs and diaphragm meet. Vertebral level T12.

A

Costerophrenic Angle

75
Q

If the exposure is made at exhalation, an increase of ____ is necessary for adequate penetration.

A

6-8 kV

76
Q

A grid tech is used in investigation of opaque areas within the lung fields to demonstrate the lung structures through the thickened ____.

A

pleural memebranes

77
Q

____- organs of these ppl are on the opposite side.

A

Transportation/ Situs Inversus

78
Q

Using 72” SID does what?

A

minimizes magnification of the heart shadows AND obtains a sharper outline of lung structures.

79
Q

____- should be moved up and lateral to remove shadows from obscuring the lungs.

A

LARGE pendulous breasts!

80
Q

____- non synchronous movement of a hemi diaphragm; one half is moving up while the other half is moving down.

A

Hiccups

81
Q

CR for PA Chest.

A

Perpendicular to IR and enter at T7

82
Q

If performing inspiration and expiration studies be sure that ____ on expiration radiograph.

A

at least one less rib is seen

83
Q

In an AP projection, CR is __1__ to the IR and the CR should enter __2__?

A

1) Perpendicular to IR and the long axis of the sternum.

2) CR should enter approx. 3” below the jugular/manubrial notch (T7)

84
Q

In AP Axial Projection/ Lindblom Method (Iordotic position), the IR is __1__ to center of IR at level of __2__.

A

1) Perpendicular

2) mid-sternum

85
Q

In AP Axial Projection/Lindblom Method (lordotic position), demonstrates the __1__ and the __2__ lie superior to the __3__.

A

1) Apices
2) Clavicles
3) Apices

86
Q

In the AP Axial Projection/Lindblom Method (lordotic position), the __1__ lie horizontally with the medial ends overlapping only the __2__ ribs.

A

1) Clavicles

2) 1st or 2nd

87
Q

The AP Axial Projection/Lindblom Method (lordotic position) can also be asked to be performed as an ____.

A

Oblique-LPO or RPO; rotate body 30 degrees from AP with affected side toward centered IR.

88
Q

In PA Axial Position, the IR is centered at __1__. CR angled __2__ through T3. Shows __3__ in their entirety.

A

1) level of jugular notch (T2-T3)
2) 10-15 degrees
3) Apices

89
Q

For PA Oblique Projections (RAO/LAO Positions), the side of interest is generally the side __1__ from the IR. The CR enters at __2__.

A

1) Farthest

2) T7

90
Q

On AP/PA Obliques, IR is 1 and a 1/2 to 2” above ____.

A

Vertebral Prominens or 5” above the jugular notch

91
Q

For AP Oblique Projections, the side of interest is generally the side __1__ to the IR. Center CR at level 3” below the __2__ (the CR will exit at T7)

A

1) Closest

2) Jugular Notch

92
Q

Maximum area of ____ lung on PA Oblique LAO.

A

Right

93
Q

Maximum area of the ____ lung on PA Oblique RAO.

A

Left

94
Q

PA CHEST

A

1) IR is 1-1/2 to 2” above relaxed shoulders
2) CR T7
3) SC Joints asymmetrical
4) 10 posterior ribs

95
Q

LATERAL CHEST

A

1) IR is 1-1/2 to 2” about shoulders
2) CR enters on MCP at level T7
3) Superimposition of the ribs posterior to the vertebral column

96
Q

AP PROJECTION

A

1) IR is 1 1/2 to 2” above relaxed shoulders
2) CR enters approx. 3’ below jugular notch (T7)
3) SC Joints asymmetrical

97
Q

AP AXIAL/ LINDBLOM METHOD (LORDOTIC POSITION)

A

1) IR is 3” about shoulders in lordotic positon
2) CR enters at midsterum
3) throws clavicles up
4) can also be LPO or RPO (30 degree angle from AP)

98
Q

PA AXIAL PROJECTION

A

1) IR with its center at the level of jugular notch (T2-3)
2) CR enters 10-15 degrees cephalic thru T3
3) Throws apices up
4) asymmetrical SC Joints

99
Q

AP AXIAL PROJECTION

A

1) center IR to MSP at level of T2 and adjust body with no rotation
2) CR enters 15-20 degrees cephalic thru Manubrium (T2)
3) throws clavicles up
4) SC Joints asymmetrical

100
Q

PA OBLIQUE PROJECTIONS (RAO/LAO)

A

1) 1 1/2- 2” above vertebral prominens
2) 45 degrees from PA
3) Side of interest is FARTHER away from IR
4) CR enters at T7
5) LAO (right lung) RAO (left lung)

101
Q

AP OBLIQUE PROJECTIONS (RPO/LPO)

A

1) 1 1/2- 2” above vertebral prominens
2) 45 degrees from AP
3) Side of interest is CLOSEST to IR
4) CR enters at level 3” below jugular notch (T7)
5) LPO (left lung) RPO (right lung)

Missy/Monday/8:30 (6 decks)

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