Ch 16 Flashcards
What are general senses?
Taste, touch, sight, smell, hearing
Specialized sensory receptors are not localized to what?
The head
What is gestation and olfacton?
Taste and smell?
What is another name for chemoreceptors?
Receptors
What is the name of two types of gustation papillae (taste buds)?
Fungiform (not taste bud, appreciated food texture)
Circumvallate
What are the five qualities of taste?
Sweet
Sour
Salty
Bitter
Vmami, “deliriousness”
What are the three cell types in all senses?
Supporting cells
Sense cells (gustatory, olfactory, etc.)
Basal cells
Where are the olfactory receptors?
In the olfactory epithelium
What percentage of sensory receptors are in the eyes?
70%
What percentage of the cerebral cortex is involved with processing visual information?
40%
What is the name of the eye transparent muscous membrane?
Conjunctiva
What does lacrimal mean?
Relating to the tear gland
What is the lacrimal sac?
Tear duct
What is a tunic?
Covering or organ
What are the three eyeball tunics?
Fibrous layer (outermost)
Vascular layer
Retina (photoreceptors)
What is the names of the two eyeball fluids?
Aqueous humor
Vitreous humor
What is the sclera?
The white of the eye
What is the cornea?
The transparent anterior
The window of the eye
What allows the aqueous humor to drain?
The sclaera venous sinus
Where in the eyball is the vascular layer located?
In the outer choroid
Where is the choroid located?
Between the retina and scalara
What is the iris?
Blue colored part of the eye
What is the iris made of?
Smooth muscle
What is the pupil?
The hole that lets light in the eye
Dilates/constricts
Sphincter pupillae muscle
What is the retina?
Has photoreceptors
What are the neurons in the retina?
Ganglion
Bipolar cells
Photoreceptors
Are the rods or cones more sensitive to light and color?
Rods: Light
Cones: Color
What is Age-related macular degeneration?
Build up of pigments in the retina
Leading cause of blindness in western hemisphere “Doughnut vision”
What is the blind spot called?
Optical disc
No photoreceptors
What is the region of greatest visual acuity?
Fovea centralis
Where does the retina receive its blood supply?
Choroid capillaries
Central artery and vein of the retinal
What two items divides the eye?
Lens and ciliary zondule
What is near sighted and far sighted called?
Myopia and hyperopia
What are the three regions of the ear?
Outer ear - hearing
Middle ear - hearing
Inner ear - hearing and equilbrium
What is the name of the ear canal?
External acoustic meatus
Where is the typanic membrane located?
In the outer ear
What is another name for the eustachian tube?
Pharyngotympanic tube
What are the names of the ear ossicles?
Malleus - hammer
Incus - anvil
Stapes - stirrup
Name the three canals
Anterior canal
Posterior canal
Lateral canal
Name the three cochlea vestibules and membranes
What are the balancing apparatus in the inner ear?
Utricle “leather bag”
Saccule
Housed in the macula
What detects rotational acceleraton?
The semicircular canals
What do the gustatory and olfactory receptors sense?
Chemicals
Which cranial nerves innervate the tongue?
VII - Facial
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
Which layer are the photoreceptors located in?
Retina
What is the function of the humor?
Supplies nutrients to the lens and cornea
What does the ciliary muscle do?
Adjusts the lens shape for distance
What are the eye’s refractory media?
Lens
Cornea
Humors
Which structures are involved with the entrance of light into the eye?
Cornea
Anterior segment
Pupil
Lens
What optic structure is damaged by glaucoma and how?
The optic nerve
Eye pressure
How is the light pathway different than the neural pathway?
Light enters the front of the eye
Photoreceptor info exits the optic nerve
Which bone is attached to the tympanic membrane?
Temporal bone
Which middle ear structure vibrates on the the oval window?
The stapes (stirrup)
The round and oval windows are in what ear chamber?
The middle chamber
Which organ detects sound waves?
The ear
Where are the tear ducts produced and where are they drained?
Produced: Lacrimal gland
Drained: Nasolacrimal duct
What is trachoma?
A contagious infection of the conjunctiva
What part of the eye is mostly cones?
The macula lutea
How is the bony labyrinth different than the membranous labyrinth?
Bony: Filled with CSF, has semicircular canals
Membranous: Fits within bony
Filled with endolymph (hearing and balance)
Sketch out the eye anatomy
Sketch out the inner ear anatomy
Sketch out the light path to the retina
Which neural layer facers the vitreous humor?
The retina
