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Anatomy M01 Exam 3 > Ch 14 > Flashcards

Ch 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the spinal cord?

A

Two-way communication to brain

Reflexes

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2
Q

Where is the cornus medullaris located?

A

Inferior end of spinal cord

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3
Q

Where does the filum terminale attach?

A

Coccyx

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4
Q

What does cauda equina mean?

A

Pony tail

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5
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

Collection of spinal nerve roots

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6
Q

What are the names of the two deep grooves that run the lenght of the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal median sulcus

Ventral median fissure

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7
Q

What is the white matter of the spinal cord made of?

A

Unlyelinated axons

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8
Q

What are the three types of spinal cord fibers?

A

Ascending

Descending

Commisural

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9
Q

What are the spinal cord dorsal horns composed of?

A

Intrernuerons

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10
Q

What is the organization of the gray spinal matter?

A

Posterior: somatic sensory, SS

Posterior: visceral sensory, VS

Anterior: visceral motor, VM

Anterior, somatic motor, SM

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11
Q

What protects the spinal cord?

A

Vertebrae

CSF

Meninges -Dura mater -Arachnoid mater -Pia mater

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12
Q

What does the cerebrospinal fluid do?

A

Cushions

Nurishes

Removes wastes

Carries chemical signals

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13
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

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14
Q

What are the paris of spinal nerves numbered?

A

C1-C8 T1-T12 L1-L5 S1-S5 Co1

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15
Q

What do the dorsal and ventral spinal root fibers do?

A

Dorsal: sensory

Ventral: motor

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16
Q

What does the dorsal rami do?

A

Innervates the back muscles

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17
Q

What is the nerve plexus?

A

The network of nerves

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18
Q

What body part is primarily served by the nerve plexus?

A

Limbs

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19
Q

What are the names of the the nerve plexuses?

A

Cervical plexus

Brachial plexus

Lumbar plexus

Sacral plexus

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20
Q

What is the most important nerve of the cervical plexus?

A

The phrenic nerve, innervates the diaphragm

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21
Q

What does rami mean?

A

Branches

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22
Q

Which nerve numbers are in the brachial plexus?

A

C5-C8

23
Q

What is the hierachry of the brachial plexus?

A

Roots

Trunks

Divisions

Cords

Really Tired Drink Coffee

24
Q

What is the main branch of the lateral cord?

A

Musculocutaneous

25
Q

The “Hand of Benedection” indicated what neurological problem?

A

Median nerve injury

26
Q

“Clawhand” indicates what neurological problem?

A

Ulnar nerve injury

27
Q

“Drop-wrist” indicates what neurological problem?

A

Radial posterior cord

28
Q

What does the lumbar plexus innervates?

A

Abdominal wall

Psoas

29
Q

What are the main branches of the lumbar plexus?

A

Femoral nerve

Obturator nerve

30
Q

What are the two nerves in the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial

Fibular

31
Q

What does the pudenal nerve do?

A

Innervates the preineum

32
Q

What are dermatomes?

A

An area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve branch

33
Q

What is the upper limb and lower limb nerves called?

A

Upper Limb

Brachial plexus

Lower Limb

Lumbar nerves - anterior

Sacral nerves - posterior

34
Q

What are the classifications of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Sensory input

Motor output -somatic motor, skeletal muscle, vol/invol

Visceral motor, smooth & cardiac muscle, invol

35
Q

What is the funcitonal organization of the PNS?

A

CNS<>PNS Sensory (Afferent) -Somatic sensory -Visceral sensory Motor (efferent) -Somatic motor -Visceral motor

36
Q

What are nerves?

A

Bundles of axons

37
Q

What are ganglia?

A

Clusters of neuronal cells

38
Q

What are two main categories of sensory receptors?

A

Free nerve endings of sensory neurons

Complete epithelial receptor cells (encapusulated nerve endings)

39
Q

Describe the three sensory receptor cells by location?

A

Exteroceptors - external stimuli Interoceptors - visceral stimuli Proprioceptors - musculoskeletal stretch

40
Q

Describe the five sensory receptors by stimulus detected

A

Mechanorecptors - mechanical forces

Thermoreceptors - temperature changes

Chemoreceptors - chemical changes

Photoreceptors - eyes respond to light

Nocioceptors - respond to stimuli that result in pain

41
Q

Free nerve endings respond to what stimulus?

A

In epithelia, respond to temperature and pain

42
Q

What are two types of free nerve endings?

A

Merkel discs in epidermis

Hair follicle receptors

43
Q

What are encapsulated nerve endings enclosed in?

A

Connective tissue

44
Q

What are Ruffini’s corpuscles for?

A

Pressure sensing

45
Q

What do proprioceptors do?

A

Measure muscle stretch

46
Q

What do muscle spindles, joint kinesthetic and Golgi tendons do?

A

Measure muscle stretch

47
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin and end?

A

It begins at the Medulla oblongata; ends at L1/L2

48
Q

The inferior end of the spinal cord is secured to the coccyx by what?

A

Where the conus medullars (cone) meets the cauda equina

49
Q

The diaphragm is innervated by what nerve?

A

Phernic nerve

50
Q

The intercostal nerve innervates which muscle?

A

Intercostal muscle

51
Q

In the brachial plexus, what division gives rise to the main nerves?

A

Cords

52
Q

Describe the arrangement of:

cervical nerves to cervical discs

A
53
Q

When we cannot judge position correctly, we may have dysfunctional ?

A

Propriceptors

Anatomy M01 Exam 3 (10 decks)

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