Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy M01 Exam 3 > Ch 12 > Flashcards

Ch 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three overlapping functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory receptors monitor changes

Processes and interprets inputs

Dictates a motor response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two basic divisions in the nervous system?

A

The CNS

The PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is included in the CNS?

A

The brain and spinal cord

Integrating and command center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is included in the PNS?

A

Linking all regions of the body to the CNS

  • Cranial & spinal nerves
  • Ganglia
  • Clusters of neural cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is afferent input?

A

Sensory input -Picked up by sensor receptors -PNS>CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is efferent output?

A

Motor output -CNS>PNS -Innervate muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two types of afferent functions?

A

Somatic sensory

Visceral sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two types of efferent functions?

A

Somatic motor

Visceral motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the somatic sensory functions do?

A

Touch

Pain

Temperature

Pressure

Hearing

Equilibrium and vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the visceral sensory functions do?

A

Stretch

Pain

Temperature

Nausea and hunger

Taste and smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do the somatic motor functions do?

A

Voluntary motor innervation of skeletal musles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do the visceral motor functions do?

A

Involuntary motor innervation of smooth and cardiac muscle

Glands

Autonomic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two types of nervous tissue?

A

Neurons

Neurogial (Support cells)

  • Non-excitable
  • Surround and wrap neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many neurons are there?

A

Billons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the basic unit of the nervous system?

A

The neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What cells conduct the electrical impulses?

A

Neurons conduct signals along the plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What triggers nerve impulses?

A

Action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Receptor cells conducting signals toward the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are axons?

A

Transmit electrical signals away from the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are multiple branches of axons called?

A

Axon terminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the axon hillock?

A

The axon hillock is the last site in the soma where membrane potentials propagated from synaptic inputs are summated before being transmitted to the axon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the synapse?

A

The site at which neurons communicate

Presynaptic neuron-synapse-postsynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the synaptic cleft?

A

Separates the plasma membrane of the two neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the direction signals pass?

A

Presynaptic neuron>postsynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a synaptic vesicle?

A

A small secretory vesicle that contains a neurotransmitter, is found inside an axon near the presynaptic membrane, and releases its contents into the synaptic cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is inside axon terminals?

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the five types of synapses?

A

Axodendritic, most common, between a neuron & another

Axosomatic, between axons & neuronsal cells

Uncommon: Axoaxonic, Dendrodendritic, & Dendrosomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the structural classifications of neurons?

A

Uniploar (pseudonipolar)

Bipolar, found in the eye

Multipolar, numerous dendrites & one axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Functional classifications of neurons?

A

According to the direction the impulse travels

  • Afferent (sensory)
  • Efferent (motor)
  • Interneurons (association neurons)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What do afferent neurons do?

A

Transmit impulses towards CNS, and towards cell bodies in ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What do efferent neurons do?

A

Carry impulses away from CNS to effector organs

Most motor neurons are multipolar

Cell bodies within the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What do interneurons do?

A

Lie between motor and sensory neurons

Confined to CNS

Multipolar

Most multipolar neurons are interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What do supporting cells do?

A

Provide supportive functions for neurons

Cover nonsynaptic regions of the neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What undesirable thing can glial cells do?

A

Can divide and create brain tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What cell type makes up half the brain?

A

Gilal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the least abundant glial cell type?

A

Microglia, smallest and least abundant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Where do glial cells obtain blood?

A

Monocytes white blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What do ependymal cells do?

A

Circulate cerebral spinal fluid

Utilize bear cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Where are oligodendrocytes located?

A

Around axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do?

A

Product myelin sheaths in white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is gray matter?

A

Neuron cell bodies

42
Q

What is white matter?

A

Axons of neurons

43
Q

What are nuclei?

A

A cluster of bodies in the CNS

44
Q

What are ganglia?

A

A cluster of bodies in the PNS

45
Q

What do satellite cells?

A

Surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia

46
Q

What are neurolemmocytes also called?

A

Schwann cells

47
Q

Where are Schwann cells located?

A

Around axons in the PNS

48
Q

What is another name for myelin?

A

Lipoprotein

49
Q

Where are myelin sheaths located?

A

Around axons

50
Q

What do myelin sheaths do?

A

Prevent leakage of current and speed conduction

51
Q

What is missing from thin axon cells?

A

Myelin sheaths

52
Q

What are Nodes of Ranvier?

A

Gaps along axons like a string of sausage links

53
Q

What do neurolemmacytes do?

A

Schwann cells that concentrically wrap axons

54
Q

In which nervous system are Schwann cells located?

In which nervous system are oligodendrocytes located?

A

PNS, CNS

55
Q

Do oligoidendrocytes have single or multiple processes?

A

Multiple

56
Q

What is gray matter composed of?

A

Neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons

57
Q

Where is gray matter located?

A

Surroundes hollow CNS cavaties

58
Q

Where do gray and white matter transpose?

A

Spinal cord

59
Q

Where does white matter lie?

A

Internal to gray matter

60
Q

What is white matter composted of?

A

Myelinated axons

61
Q

What are tracts?

A

Bundles of axons traveling to similar destinations

62
Q

What are nerves?

A

Cablelike organs in the PNS

63
Q

What does endoneurium wrap?

A

Around entire axon and myelin sheath

64
Q

What does perineurium wrap?

A

Around a single fascicle full of axons

65
Q

What does epieurium wrap?

A

Around entire nerve full of facicles and axons

66
Q

What do interneurons do?

A

Process and direct info to specific CNS regions

Initiate motor responses

67
Q

What are reflex arcs?

A

Rapid autonomic motor responses Visceral or somatic

68
Q

What are two types of reflexes?

A

Monosynaptic reflex, fastest, knee-jerk

Polysynaptic reflex, withdraw reflex, balance

69
Q

What are the three neuronal circuits?

A

Diverging circuit, one synapse-many post synapse

Converging circuit, many neurons converge onto one

Reverberating circuit, feedback via collateral axons

70
Q

Name the two types of input processing?

A

Serial and parallel

71
Q

Where are interneurons located?

A

Between motor and sensory neurons

72
Q

Are unipolar neurons afferent or efferent?

A

Afferent

73
Q

Innervating nerves are in which division of the nervous system?

A

Efferent

74
Q

Smell and taste nerves are in which division of the nervous system?

A

Afferent

75
Q

Oligodenrocytes and Schwann cells are in which nervous system?

A

CNS, PNS

Both wrap axons

76
Q

Which are thicker, myelin or unmyelinated neurons?

A

Myelinated

77
Q

What are in tracts?

A

Bundles of axons traveling in similar directions

78
Q

Define synapse

A

Space between two neurons

79
Q

What type of synapse is the most common?

A

Axodendritic

80
Q

List the five steps in a reflex arc

A

Receptor

Sensory neuron

Integration

Motor neuron

Effector

81
Q

Is withdraw reflex monosynaptic or polysynaptic?

A

Monosynaptic

82
Q

What are the two cell types uses to circulate CSF?

A

Ependymal cells and bear cilia

83
Q

What tissue surrounds an axon?

A

Endoeurium

84
Q

Which cell is a phagocyte?

A

Microglia

85
Q

Smooth muscle is controlled by what and in which nervous system?

A

Efferent division, visceral motor

ANS

86
Q

What kind of cells are around a sensory neuron?

A

Afferent

87
Q

Define ganglia

A

Neuron cell clusters in the PNS

88
Q

What are neurogial and glial cells?

A

Non-excitable cells that insulate neurons

89
Q

What are monocytes?

A

Sells the develops into macrophages.

90
Q

Contrast visceral from somatic

A

Visceral: internal to the ventral cavity

Somatic: external to the ventral cavity such as skin, skeleton and skeletal muscles

91
Q

Contrast nucleus from glanion

A

Nucleus: A cluster of neurons inside the brain

Ganglion: A collection of neurons outside the CNS

92
Q

Contrast gray matter and white matter

A

Contains unmyelinated nerve fibers

Contains myelinated nerve fibers

93
Q

What is another name for a cell body?

A

Soma

94
Q

What are the most abundant CNS cells?

A

Astrocytes

95
Q

Which colored matter is where neurons are clustered?

A

Gray matter

96
Q

Which matter consists of axons running within the CNS?

A

White matter

97
Q

Monosynaptic reflex

A

Knee-jerk

Simplest reflex arc

Stretch fibers-fastest

98
Q

Polysynaptic reflex

A

Most common Interneurons in the circuit

Withdraw reflex

99
Q

What do ependymal cells do?

A

Line the spinal cord and brain to circulate CSF

100
Q

What do microglia cells do?

A
101
Q

Review nerve illustration

A
102
Q

Review bipolar vs. multipolar neurons

A

Anatomy M01 Exam 3 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions