Ch. 15 Test

Question 1

How many chambers does the heart contain?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

What are the two upper chambers of the heart called

Answer 2

Atria

Question 3

What are the two lower chambers called

Answer 3

Ventricles

Question 4

What lies between the right atrium and left atrium

Answer 4

Interatrial septum

Question 5

What cavity of the body is the heart situated in

Answer 5

Thoracic

Question 6

What percentage of the heart lies to the left of the body’s midline

Answer 6

2/3

Question 7

What term is given to the pointed end of the heart

Answer 7

Apex

Question 8

At what part of the heart do the major vessels enter and exit

Answer 8

Base

Question 9

What are the two parts that make up the pericardium of the heart

Answer 9

Fibrous pericardium

Serous pericardium

Question 10

What type of connective tissue makes up the fibrous pericardium

Answer 10

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 11

What type of membrane makes up the serous pericardium

Answer 11

Thin, delicate membrane

Question 12

List the two layers of the serous pericardium and then state their adhesive properties

Answer 12

Parietal layer- fused to fibrous pericardium

Visceral layer- adheres tightly to surface of heart

Question 13

What lies between the two layers of the serous pericardium? What is the purpose of this fluid

Answer 13

Pericardial fluid

Reduce friction between membranes as heart moves

Question 14

List the three layers that the wall of the heart is made of

Answer 14

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 15

What action is the myocardium responsible for

Answer 15

Pumping action of heart

Question 16

What are the two separate networks that cardiac muscle fibers form

Answer 16

Atrial

Ventricular

Question 17

How does each cardiac muscle fiber connect with other fibers in the atrial or ventricular network

Answer 17

By thickening of the sarcolemma

Question 18

Does the atria network and ventricular network contract together or separately

Answer 18

Separately

Question 19

What must be well under way before another contraction of cardiac muscle can begin

Answer 19

Relaxation

Question 20

What two components of the heart does the endocardium cover

Answer 20

Valves

Tendons attached to valves

Question 21

What feature of the heart slightly increases the capacity of an atrium allowing it to hold a greater volume of blood than its normal capacity

Answer 21

Auricle

Question 22

The right ventricle pumps blood only to what

Answer 22

Lungs

Question 23

The left ventricle pumps blood where

Answer 23

All other parts of body

Question 24

What type of blood vessels deliver deoxygenated blood to the right ventricle

Answer 24

Those that return blood to heart

Question 25

Where does deoxygenated blood go after it leaves the right atrium

Answer 25

Right ventricle

Question 26

What two things happen to deoxygenated blood after being pumped to the lungs

Answer 26

Unloads carbon dioxide & picks up oxygen

Question 27

What is the last great vessel that oxygenated blood is found in before being carried to all parts of the body

Answer 27

Ascending aorta

Question 28

What are the two outcomes as each chamber of the heart contracts

Answer 28

Pushes volume of blood into a ventricle | Pushes volume of blood out of the heart into an artery

Question 29

The valves of the heart open and close in response to what

Answer 29

Pressure change as heart contacts and relaxes

Question 30

What must happen for blood to pass from an atrium to a ventricle

Answer 30

An atrioventricular valve must open

Question 31

What are the opening and closing of the valves of the heart due to

Answer 31

Pressure differences across the valves

Question 32

Located near the origin of the pulmonary trunk and aorta, what prevents blood from flowing back into the heart

Answer 32

Semilunar valves

Question 33

What is the effect of increased blood pressure on the atrioventricular valves

Answer 33

Forces the atrioventricular valves open

Question 34

The increase in ventricular blood pressure pushes blood through the semilunar valves into what two parts of the heart

Answer 34

Pulmonary trunk and aorta

Question 35

What causes the atrioventricular valve to be pushed shut, preventing the back flow of blood

Answer 35

The shake of atrioventricular valve cusps

Question 36

What is the end purpose of cardio pulmonary resuscitation

Answer 36

Keeps oxygenated blood circulating until the heart can be restarted

Question 37

What are the two principal coronary vessels

Answer 37

Left and right arteries

Question 38

Which large vein on the posterior surface of the heart collects the deoxygenated blood of the coronary arteries

Answer 38

Coronary sinus

Question 39

What makes 1% of cardiac muscle fibers different from all others? What type of pattern do they follow?

Answer 39

They can generate action potentials over and over | Rhythmical

Question 40

What are the two functions of the specialized cardiac muscle fibers

Answer 40

Pacemaker | Conduction system

Question 41

What does the conduction system of the heart and sure about its function

Answer 41

It is an effective pump

Question 42

Heart disease resulting from the effects of plaque accumulation in the coronary arteries is called

Answer 42

Coronary artery disease

Question 43

What is the negative health effects of the accumulation of plaque in the coronary arteries

Answer 43

Reduction in blood flow to the myocardium

Question 44

List 4 risk factors for coronary artery disease

Answer 44

High blood pressure Cigarette smoking Obesity Diabetes

Question 45

List the two major lipoproteins found in the cardiovascular system. Which is good/bad

Answer 45

Low density lipoproteins-bad | High density lipoproteins- good

Question 46

During a heart attack, what forms in a coronary artery that can significantly decrease or stop the flow of blood

Answer 46

Clot

Question 47

Irregularity in heart rhythm is called an

Answer 47

Arrhythmia