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Biology II > Ch. 15 Test > Flashcards

Ch. 15 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

How many chambers does the heart contain?

A

4

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2
Q

What are the two upper chambers of the heart called

A

Atria

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3
Q

What are the two lower chambers called

A

Ventricles

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4
Q

What lies between the right atrium and left atrium

A

Interatrial septum

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5
Q

What cavity of the body is the heart situated in

A

Thoracic

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6
Q

What percentage of the heart lies to the left of the body’s midline

A

2/3

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7
Q

What term is given to the pointed end of the heart

A

Apex

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8
Q

At what part of the heart do the major vessels enter and exit

A

Base

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9
Q

What are the two parts that make up the pericardium of the heart

A

Fibrous pericardium

Serous pericardium

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10
Q

What type of connective tissue makes up the fibrous pericardium

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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11
Q

What type of membrane makes up the serous pericardium

A

Thin, delicate membrane

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12
Q

List the two layers of the serous pericardium and then state their adhesive properties

A

Parietal layer- fused to fibrous pericardium

Visceral layer- adheres tightly to surface of heart

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13
Q

What lies between the two layers of the serous pericardium? What is the purpose of this fluid

A

Pericardial fluid

Reduce friction between membranes as heart moves

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14
Q

List the three layers that the wall of the heart is made of

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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15
Q

What action is the myocardium responsible for

A

Pumping action of heart

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16
Q

What are the two separate networks that cardiac muscle fibers form

A

Atrial

Ventricular

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17
Q

How does each cardiac muscle fiber connect with other fibers in the atrial or ventricular network

A

By thickening of the sarcolemma

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18
Q

Does the atria network and ventricular network contract together or separately

A

Separately

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19
Q

What must be well under way before another contraction of cardiac muscle can begin

A

Relaxation

20
Q

What two components of the heart does the endocardium cover

A

Valves

Tendons attached to valves

21
Q

What feature of the heart slightly increases the capacity of an atrium allowing it to hold a greater volume of blood than its normal capacity

A

Auricle

22
Q

The right ventricle pumps blood only to what

A

Lungs

23
Q

The left ventricle pumps blood where

A

All other parts of body

24
Q

What type of blood vessels deliver deoxygenated blood to the right ventricle

A

Those that return blood to heart

25
Q

Where does deoxygenated blood go after it leaves the right atrium

A

Right ventricle

26
Q

What two things happen to deoxygenated blood after being pumped to the lungs

A

Unloads carbon dioxide & picks up oxygen

27
Q

What is the last great vessel that oxygenated blood is found in before being carried to all parts of the body

A

Ascending aorta

28
Q

What are the two outcomes as each chamber of the heart contracts

A

Pushes volume of blood into a ventricle

Pushes volume of blood out of the heart into an artery

29
Q

The valves of the heart open and close in response to what

A

Pressure change as heart contacts and relaxes

30
Q

What must happen for blood to pass from an atrium to a ventricle

A

An atrioventricular valve must open

31
Q

What are the opening and closing of the valves of the heart due to

A

Pressure differences across the valves

32
Q

Located near the origin of the pulmonary trunk and aorta, what prevents blood from flowing back into the heart

A

Semilunar valves

33
Q

What is the effect of increased blood pressure on the atrioventricular valves

A

Forces the atrioventricular valves open

34
Q

The increase in ventricular blood pressure pushes blood through the semilunar valves into what two parts of the heart

A

Pulmonary trunk and aorta

35
Q

What causes the atrioventricular valve to be pushed shut, preventing the back flow of blood

A

The shake of atrioventricular valve cusps

36
Q

What is the end purpose of cardio pulmonary resuscitation

A

Keeps oxygenated blood circulating until the heart can be restarted

37
Q

What are the two principal coronary vessels

A

Left and right arteries

38
Q

Which large vein on the posterior surface of the heart collects the deoxygenated blood of the coronary arteries

A

Coronary sinus

39
Q

What makes 1% of cardiac muscle fibers different from all others? What type of pattern do they follow?

A

They can generate action potentials over and over

Rhythmical

40
Q

What are the two functions of the specialized cardiac muscle fibers

A

Pacemaker

Conduction system

41
Q

What does the conduction system of the heart and sure about its function

A

It is an effective pump

42
Q

Heart disease resulting from the effects of plaque accumulation in the coronary arteries is called

A

Coronary artery disease

43
Q

What is the negative health effects of the accumulation of plaque in the coronary arteries

A

Reduction in blood flow to the myocardium

44
Q

List 4 risk factors for coronary artery disease

A

High blood pressure
Cigarette smoking
Obesity
Diabetes

45
Q

List the two major lipoproteins found in the cardiovascular system. Which is good/bad

A

Low density lipoproteins-bad

High density lipoproteins- good

46
Q

During a heart attack, what forms in a coronary artery that can significantly decrease or stop the flow of blood

A

Clot

47
Q

Irregularity in heart rhythm is called an

A

Arrhythmia

Biology II (15 decks)

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