Bio Midterm Exam

Question 1

Process where stem cells change into specialized cells

Answer 1

Differentiation

Question 2

A cycle of events where the body is monitored

Answer 2

Feedback system

Question 3

Changes in your body that are not apparent

Answer 3

Symptom

Question 4

The maintenance of stable conditions in the body

Answer 4

Homeostasis

Question 5

Illness defined by specific symptoms

Answer 5

Disease

Question 6

The science of body functions, and how the body works

Answer 6

Physiology

Question 7

A group of similar cells and their intercellular substance joined together to perform a specific function

Answer 7

Tissue

Question 8

The most superficial layer of cells

Answer 8

Apical layer

Question 9

The deepest layer of cells

Answer 9

Basal layer

Question 10

Production and release from a cell or a gland of physiologically active substance

Answer 10

Secretion

Question 11

Intake of fluids or other substances by cells of the skin or mucous membrane

Answer 11

Absorption

Question 12

Passive process where molecules move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration until equilibrium is reached

Answer 12

Diffusion

Question 13

Specialized epithelial cell or cells that secrete substances; may be exocrine or endocrine

Answer 13

Gland

Question 14

The ground substance and fibers between cells in connective tissue

Answer 14

Matrix

Question 15

A protein that is the main organic constituent of connective tissue

Answer 15

Collagen

Question 16

Connective tissue consisting of chondrocytes in lacunae embedded in a dense network of collagen and elastic fibers and a matrix of chondroitin sulfate

Answer 16

Cartilage

Question 17

The removal of a sample of living tissue for microscopic examination

Answer 17

Biopsy

Question 18

Thin, flexible sheet of tissue composed of an epithelial layer and underlying connective tissue

Answer 18

Membrane

Question 19

Unspecialized cell with ability to divide for indefinite periods; gives rise to specialized cells

Answer 19

Stem cell

Question 20

___________ cells range in shape from flat to columnar, and have the ability to distend, stretch, and contract

Answer 20

Transitional

Question 21

The two types of _________ connective tissue are mesenchyme and mucous

Answer 21

Embryonic

Question 22

The two classifications of bone tissue are _________ and ______

Answer 22

compact and spongy

Question 23

Explain the difference between avascular and vascular tissue. Then explain what types epithelial and connective tissues are.

Answer 23

Avascular tissue lacks blood vessels and a blood supply. Vascular tissue has blood vessels and a blood supply.

Epithelial tissue is avascular while connective tissue is vascular

Question 24

The superficial, thinner layer of skin, composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 24

Epidermis

Question 25

The subcutaneous layer beneath the skin, consisting of areolar and adipose tissues

Answer 25

Hypodermis

Question 26

A dark black, brown, or yellow pigment found in the skin, hairs, and retina

Answer 26

Melanin

Question 27

Substance in red blood cells consisting of the protein globin and the iron-containing red pigment heme that transports most of the oxygen and some carbon dioxide in blood

Answer 27

Hemoglobin

Question 28

An exocrine gland in the dermis of the skin that secretes sebum

Answer 28

Sebaceous gland

Question 29

An apocrine or eccrine exocrine gland in the dermis that produces perspiration

Answer 29

Sudoriferous gland

Question 30

List the three pigments that give skin its wide variety of colors

Answer 30

Melanin carotene Hemoglobin

Question 31

_________ is the ability of skin to return to its original shape

Answer 31

Elasticity

Question 32

The primary function of hair is ________

Answer 32

protection

Question 33

The entire journey of skin cells from deep to _________ is about four weeks

Answer 33

superficial

Question 34

The hypodermis is the same as the __________ layer of skin

Answer 34

Subcutaneous

Question 35

The end of a long bone, usually larger in diameter than the shaft

Answer 35

Epiphysis

Question 36

Membrane covering bone, consisting of connective tissue, osteogenic cells, & osteoblasts

Answer 36

Periosteum

Question 37

Membrane lining the medullary cavity of bones; consists of osteogenic cells and osteoclasts

Answer 37

Endosteum

Question 38

The tissues that make up bone

Answer 38

Osseous tissue

Question 39

The basic unit of structure in adult compact bone

Answer 39

Osteons

Question 40

Bone tissue that consists of an irregular latticework was then placed a bone call trabeculae

Answer 40

Spongy bone

Question 41

The formation of bone

Answer 41

Ossification

Question 42

The loss of calcium and phosphorus from bones

Answer 42

Demineralization

Question 43

Includes the bones of the Skull, ear, hyoid bone, ribs, sternum and vertebrae

Answer 43

Axial skeleton

Question 44

Includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs plus the bone groups called girdles

Answer 44

Appendicular skeleton

Question 45

Any break in bone

Answer 45

Fracture

Question 46

Age related disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased risk of fractures

Answer 46

Osteoporosis

Question 47

The degeneration of articular cartilage such that bony ends touch

Answer 47

Osteoarthritis