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Biology II > Bio Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Bio Midterm Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Process where stem cells change into specialized cells

A

Differentiation

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2
Q

A cycle of events where the body is monitored

A

Feedback system

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3
Q

Changes in your body that are not apparent

A

Symptom

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4
Q

The maintenance of stable conditions in the body

A

Homeostasis

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5
Q

Illness defined by specific symptoms

A

Disease

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6
Q

The science of body functions, and how the body works

A

Physiology

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7
Q

A group of similar cells and their intercellular substance joined together to perform a specific function

A

Tissue

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8
Q

The most superficial layer of cells

A

Apical layer

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9
Q

The deepest layer of cells

A

Basal layer

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10
Q

Production and release from a cell or a gland of physiologically active substance

A

Secretion

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11
Q

Intake of fluids or other substances by cells of the skin or mucous membrane

A

Absorption

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12
Q

Passive process where molecules move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration until equilibrium is reached

A

Diffusion

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13
Q

Specialized epithelial cell or cells that secrete substances; may be exocrine or endocrine

A

Gland

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14
Q

The ground substance and fibers between cells in connective tissue

A

Matrix

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15
Q

A protein that is the main organic constituent of connective tissue

A

Collagen

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16
Q

Connective tissue consisting of chondrocytes in lacunae embedded in a dense network of collagen and elastic fibers and a matrix of chondroitin sulfate

A

Cartilage

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17
Q

The removal of a sample of living tissue for microscopic examination

A

Biopsy

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18
Q

Thin, flexible sheet of tissue composed of an epithelial layer and underlying connective tissue

A

Membrane

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19
Q

Unspecialized cell with ability to divide for indefinite periods; gives rise to specialized cells

A

Stem cell

20
Q

___________ cells range in shape from flat to columnar, and have the ability to distend, stretch, and contract

A

Transitional

21
Q

The two types of _________ connective tissue are mesenchyme and mucous

A

Embryonic

22
Q

The two classifications of bone tissue are _________ and ______

A

compact and spongy

23
Q

Explain the difference between avascular and vascular tissue. Then explain what types epithelial and connective tissues are.

A

Avascular tissue lacks blood vessels and a blood supply. Vascular tissue has blood vessels and a blood supply.

Epithelial tissue is avascular while connective tissue is vascular

24
Q

The superficial, thinner layer of skin, composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

Epidermis

25
Q

The subcutaneous layer beneath the skin, consisting of areolar and adipose tissues

A

Hypodermis

26
Q

A dark black, brown, or yellow pigment found in the skin, hairs, and retina

A

Melanin

27
Q

Substance in red blood cells consisting of the protein globin and the iron-containing red pigment heme that transports most of the oxygen and some carbon dioxide in blood

A

Hemoglobin

28
Q

An exocrine gland in the dermis of the skin that secretes sebum

A

Sebaceous gland

29
Q

An apocrine or eccrine exocrine gland in the dermis that produces perspiration

A

Sudoriferous gland

30
Q

List the three pigments that give skin its wide variety of colors

A

Melanin
carotene
Hemoglobin

31
Q

_________ is the ability of skin to return to its original shape

A

Elasticity

32
Q

The primary function of hair is ________

A

protection

33
Q

The entire journey of skin cells from deep to _________ is about four weeks

A

superficial

34
Q

The hypodermis is the same as the __________ layer of skin

A

Subcutaneous

35
Q

The end of a long bone, usually larger in diameter than the shaft

A

Epiphysis

36
Q

Membrane covering bone, consisting of connective tissue, osteogenic cells, & osteoblasts

A

Periosteum

37
Q

Membrane lining the medullary cavity of bones; consists of osteogenic cells and osteoclasts

A

Endosteum

38
Q

The tissues that make up bone

A

Osseous tissue

39
Q

The basic unit of structure in adult compact bone

A

Osteons

40
Q

Bone tissue that consists of an irregular latticework was then placed a bone call trabeculae

A

Spongy bone

41
Q

The formation of bone

A

Ossification

42
Q

The loss of calcium and phosphorus from bones

A

Demineralization

43
Q

Includes the bones of the Skull, ear, hyoid bone, ribs, sternum and vertebrae

A

Axial skeleton

44
Q

Includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs plus the bone groups called girdles

A

Appendicular skeleton

45
Q

Any break in bone

A

Fracture

46
Q

Age related disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased risk of fractures

A

Osteoporosis

47
Q

The degeneration of articular cartilage such that bony ends touch

A

Osteoarthritis

Biology II (15 decks)

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