CH 15 Quiz

Question 1

The sensory​ receptors, neurons and their pathways make up the​ ________ division of the nervous system.

Answer 1

afferent

Question 2

The conversion of a stimulus into an action potential is

Answer 2

transduction

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why the body​ “remembers” painful injuries long after they have been​ healed?

Answer 3

Pain receptors are​ slow-adapting receptors, so they adapt very slowly to changes in the​ PNS, such as the healing of an injury.

Question 4

Your brain is not constantly bombarded with signals telling it that you are wearing socks. This is because the touch receptors around your ankle are

Answer 4

phasic receptors and​ fast-adapting.

Question 5

In order for a sensation to become a​ perception,

Answer 5

it must reach the somatosensory cortex.

Question 6

Central adaptation refers to

Answer 6

inhibition of nuclei along a sensory pathway

Question 7

Peripheral adaptation​ ________ the number of action potentials that reach the CNS.

Answer 7

decreases

Question 8

Sensory information from all parts of the body is routed to

Answer 8

thalamus

Question 9

A​ ________ potential is a depolarization of a sensory dendrite that can lead to an afferent nerve impulse.

Answer 9

generator

Question 10

If a nerve impulse was transmitted to the central nervous system​ (CNS) on a C​ fiber

Answer 10

it would lead to a slow sensation of pain

Question 11

Which of the following is the best illustration for Golgi tendon organ​ activation?

Answer 11

a male gymnast performing an iron cross on the rings apparatus

Question 12

You cannot tell when your small intestines shift position as food enters because you do not have any​ ________ there.

Answer 12

proprioceptors

Question 13

Receptors in your stomach that determine when food enters because the pH changes are

Answer 13

chemoreceptors

Question 14

Two types of receptors that are least likely to adapt are

Answer 14

proprioceptors and nociceptors.

Question 15

Chemoreceptors of the general senses do not send information to the primary sensory cortex but instead send information to the

Answer 15

brain stem

Question 16

Endorphins can reduce the perception of sensations initiated by

Answer 16

nociceptors

Question 17

Mechanoreceptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are

Answer 17

baroreceptors

Question 18

A​ fast-adapting tactile receptor that is composed of a single dendrite enclosed by concentric layers of collagen is a

Answer 18

lamellar​ (Pacinian) corpuscle.

Question 19

For the last few​ weeks, you have had an odd sensation on your upper thigh. When you touch the naked​ skin, it feels very​ strange, like you are touching your skin through layers of cloth. The surrounding area feels normal. Your doctor thinks that this may be related to spinal nerve damage due to a herniated disc. The doctor calls this change in sensation

Answer 19

paresthesia.

Question 20

The tract that carries sensations from muscle spindles to the CNS is the

Answer 20

spinocerebellar

Question 21

What is the minimum number of synapses that must be crossed before an afferent nerve impulse becomes a​ perception?

Answer 21

3

Question 22

The spinal tract that relays information concerning pain and temperature to the CNS is the

Answer 22

lateral spinothalamic

Question 23

Your uncle was just diagnosed with a heart attack. One of his major symptoms is left arm pain. This phenomenon is​ ________ pain.

Answer 23

referred

Question 24

Each of the following is an ascending tract in the spinal cord except the
gracile fasciculus.
posterior spinocerebellar.
anterior spinothalamic.
cuneate fasciculus.
reticulospinal tract.

Answer 24

reticulospinal tract.

Question 25

The afferent neuron that carries the sensation and enters the CNS is a​ ________ neuron.

Answer 25

first order

Question 26

We can localize sensations that originate in different areas of the body because

Answer 26

sensory neurons from specific body regions project to specific cortical regions.

Question 27

The motor pathway that decussates in the medulla oblongata is the​ __________ tract.

Answer 27

lateral corticospinal

Question 28

The corticospinal pathway begins in which area of the​ brain?

Answer 28

primary motor cortex

Question 29

The larger the body structure is on the motor homunculus the​ ________ they have.

Answer 29

more motor units

Question 30

The rubrospinal tracts originate in the

Answer 30

red nuclei

Question 31

The neurons of the primary motor cortex are​ ________ cells.

Answer 31

pyramidal

Question 32

The spinal tract that plays a role in the subconscious regulation of the muscles of the arms is the​ ________ tract.

Answer 32

rubrospinal

Question 33

The spinal tract that unconsciously maintains balance and muscle tone is the​ ________ tract.

Answer 33

vestibulospinal

Question 34

The medial pathway that controls involuntary movements of​ head, neck, and arm position in response to sudden visual and auditory stimuli is the​ ________ tract.

Answer 34

tectospinal

Question 35

Some neurons within the basal nuclei are known to

Answer 35

inhibit neurons with GABA and stimulate neurons with acetylcholine