Ch 15 - Musculoskeletal System Terminology Flashcards
calc/o,
calci/o
calcium
ex. hypercalcemia - excessive calcium in the blood
ex. decalcification - the process of making less calcium
kyph/o
humpback, hunchback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)
ex. kyphosis - abnormal condition of humpback or hunchback
lamin/o
lamina (part of the vertebral arch)
ex. laminectomy - removal of the lamina
lord/o
curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)
ex. lordosis - abnormal condition of anterior curvature in the lumbar region
lumb/o
loins, lower back
ex. lumbar - p. the lower back
ex. lumbosacral - p. the lower back and sacrum
myel/o
bone marrow
ex. myelopoiesis - formation of bone marrow
orth/o
straight
ex. orthopedics - physicians who treat bone, joint, and muscle conditions
oste/o
bone
ex. osteitis - inflammation of bone
ex. osteodystrophy - defective bone development
ex. osteogenesis - formation of bone
scoli/o
crooked, bent (lateral curvature)
ex. scoliosis - the spinal column is bent abnormally to the side
spondyl/o (used to make words about conditions of the structure)
vertebra
ex. spondylosis - degeneration of intervertebral disks
vertebr/o (used to describe the structure itself)
vertebra
ex. vertebroplasty - surgical repair of the vertebra
-blast
embryonic or immature cell
ex. osteoblast - immature bone cell that builds up bone
-clast
to break
ex. osteoclast - bone cell that breaks down bone tissue
-listhesis
slipping
ex. spondylolisthesis - the forward slipping of a vertebra over a lower vertebra
-malacia
softening
ex. osteomalacia - softening of bone
-physis
to grow
ex. epiphysis - the end of a long bone
-porosis
pore, passage
ex. osteoporosis - loss of bony tissue
-tome
instrument to cut
ex. osteotome - instrument to cut bone
acetabul/o
acetabulum (hip socket)
ex. acetabular - p. the acetabulum
calcane/o
calcaneus (heel)
ex. calcaneal - p. the calcaneus
carp/o
carpals (wrist bones)
ex. carpal - p. the carpals
clavicul/o
clavicle (collar bone)
ex. supraclavicular - p. above the clavicle
cost/o
ribs (true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs)
ex. subcostal - p. below the ribs
crani/o
cranium (skull)
ex. craniotomy - incision into the cranium
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
ex. femoral - p. the femur
fibul/o
fibula (smaller lower leg bone)
ex. fibular - p. the fibula
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
ex. humeral - p. the humerus
ili/o
ilium (upper part of pelvic bone)
ex. iliac - p. the ilium
ischi/o
ischium (posterior part of the pelvic bone)
ex. ischial - p. the ischium
malleol/o
malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)
ex. malleolar - p. the malleolus
mandibul/o
mandible (lower jawbone)
ex. mandibular - p. the mandible
maxill/o
maxilla (upper jawbone)
ex. maxillary - p. the maxilla
metacarp/o
metacarpals (hand bones)
ex. metacarpectomy - removal of the metacarpals
metatars/o
metatarsals (foot bones)
ex. metatarsalgia - pain of the metatarsals
olecran/o
olecranon (elbow)
ex. olecranal - p. the olecranon
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
ex. patellar - p. the patella
pelv/o
pelvis (hipbone)
ex. pelvimetry - measurement of the dimensions of the pelvis
perone/o
fibula
ex. peroneal - p. the fibula
phalang/o
phalanges (finger and/or toe bones)
ex. phalangeal - p. the phalanges
pub/o
pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)
ex. pubic - p. the pubis
radi/o
radius (forearm bone-thumb side)
ex. radial - p. the radius
scapul/o
scapula (shoulder blade)
ex. scapular - p. the scapula
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
ex. sternal - p. the sternum
tars/o
tarsals (bones of the hindfoot)
ex. tarsectomy - removal of tarsals
tibi/o
tibia (shin bone)
ex. tibial - p. the tibia
uln/o
ulna (forearm bone-little finger side)
ex. ulnar - p. the ulna
ankyl/o
stiff
ex. ankylosis - condition of joint stiffening
arhtr/o
joint
ex. arthroplasty - surgical repair of a joint
ex. arthrotomy - incision into a joint
ex. hemarthrosis - condition of bleeding into joint spaces
ex. hydrathrosis - synovial fluid collects abnormally in a joint
ex. polyarthitis - inflammation of many joints
articul/o
joint
ex. articular cartilage - connective tissue that covers the surface of a joint
burs/o
bursa
ex. bursitis - inflammation of bursa
chondr/o
cartilage
ex. achondroplasia - defect in cartilage and bone formation
ex. chondrosarcoma - malignant tumor of the cartilage
ex. chondromalacia - softening of cartilage
ligament/o
ligament
ex. ligamentous - p. a ligament
rheumat/o
watery flow
ex. rheumatologist - specialist of joint problems
synov/o
synovial membrane
ex. synovitis - inflammation of the synovial membrane
ten/o
tendon
ex. tenorrhaphy - suture of a tendon
tendin/o
tendon
ex. tendinitis - inflammation of a tendon
-desis
to bind, tie together
ex. arthrodesis - bones are fused across the joint space by surgery
-stenosis
narrowing
ex. spinal stenosis - narrowing of the spinal canal
fasci/o
fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)
ex. fasciotomy - incision of the fascia
fibr/o
fibrous connective tissue
ex. fibromyalgia - pain in muscles, joints, and fibrous tissue
leiomy/o
smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs
ex. leiomyoma - tumor of smooth muscle
ex. leiomyosarcoma - malignant tumor of smooth muscle
my/o
muscle
ex. myalgia - muscle pain
ex. electromyography - the recording of electrical activity of muscle tissue
ex. myopathy - disease of muscle
myocardi/o
heart muscle
ex. myocardial - p. the hear muscle
myos/o
muscle
ex. myositis - inflammation of muscle
plant/o
sole of the foot
ex. plantar flexion - downward movement of the foot
rhabdomy/o
skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones
ex. rhabdomyoma - tumor of skeletal muscle
ex. rhabdomyosarcoma - malignant tumor of skeletal muscle
sarc/o
muscle and flesh
ex. sarcopenia - deficiency of muscle mass and strength
-asthenia
lack of strength
ex. myasthenia gravis - condition causing abnormal weakness of muscles
-trophy
development, nourishment
ex. atrophy - decrease in size of an organ or tissue
ex. hypertrophy - increase in size of an organ or tissue
ex. amyotrophic - p. degeneration of nerves in the spinal cord
ab-
away from
ex. abduction - movement away from the midline of the body
ad-
toward
ex. adduction - movement toward the midline of the body
dorsi-
back
ex. dorsiflexion - upward movement of the foot
poly-
many, much
ex. polymyalgia - pain of many muscles
