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p.e (1-4 in own cards > Ch 15-16 > Flashcards

Ch 15-16 Flashcards

1
Q

name five personal reasons athletes might take performance enhancing drugs?

A
  • ongoing dissatisfaction with their own performance or lack of progress
  • psychological dependence
  • self-pressure or doubt
  • for relaxation or socialisation
  • wanting to keep up with other athletes
  • a win at all cost mentality
  • personal pride
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2
Q

name five environemtnal reasons athletes might take performance enhancing drugs?

A
  • drug culture
  • pressure from coach, parents. relatives, media
  • unreasonable scheduling that does not allow for reasonable recovery time
  • endorsements or financial rewards offered for improved performance
  • the prestige and fame offered
  • influence of role models
  • national honour and pride
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3
Q

what are the types of illegal erogenic drugs

A
  • stimulants
  • narcotic analgesics
  • anabolic steroids
  • beta-blockers
  • masking agents
  • polypeptide hormones and analogues
  • erythropoietin (EPO) or hormonal blood boosting
  • blood doping or red blood cell reinfusion
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4
Q

what are the perceived benefits of stimulants and common sports involved

A
  • stimulants mask fatigue, increase alertness and aggression, improve muscle reaction, improve anaerobic performance
  • common sports include: athletics, swimming, weightlifting, cycling
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5
Q

what are the harmful side effects involved with stimulants (caffeine)

A
  • anxiety
  • restlessness
  • tremors
  • irritability
  • cardiac arrhythmia
  • stomach upsets
  • dependence
  • hypothermia
  • heart attack
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6
Q

what are the perceived benefits of narcotic analgesics and common sports involved

A
  • mask pain and give a feeling of euphoria (intense excitement or happiness)
  • likely in any sport where injury is common
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7
Q

what are the harmful side effects involved with narcotic analgesics

A
  • dependence
  • respiratory failure
  • risk of further damage and injury
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8
Q

what are the perceived benefits of anabolic steroids and common sports involved

A
  • increase muscle bulk, power and strength, increase aggression, increase speed of recovery, allowing longer harder training
  • common in any sport requiring strength and/or power
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9
Q

what are the harmful side effects involved with anabolic steroids

A
  • dependence
  • depression
  • hypertension
  • cancer
  • sudden death
  • salt or water retention
  • testicular atrophy
  • facial hair infertility
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10
Q

what are the perceived benefits of beta-blockers and common sports involved

A
  • reduce HR, tension and tremors. increase relaxation and vo2 diff
  • common in shooting and archery, sports the require calm and precision
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11
Q

what are the harmful side effects involved with beta-blockers

A
  • dangerous for asthmatics
  • heart failure
  • hypotension
  • hypoglycaemia
  • impotence
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12
Q

explain the perceived benefit and common sports involved with the use of the masking agent diuretics

A
  • masks use of anabolic steroids, reduces body weight quickly
  • common in boxing and weightlifting
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13
Q

what are the perceived benefits of masking agents and the harmful side effects?

A
  • promote excretion of urine, correct altered testosterone-epitestosterone ratio , block excretion of anabolic agents, alter red cell parameters.
  • side effects include;
    dehydration, cramp, cardiac arrhythmia, formation of kidney stones, acute gouty arthritis, hair loss, skin rash, nausea, fever
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14
Q

what are the perceived benefits of polypeptide hormones and analogues and common sports involved

A
  • enhance muscle and bone development, provide an anti-inflammatory effect, mask use of anabolic steroids, give a feeling of euphoria
  • common sports are sports are sports involving strength, power and muscle bulk
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15
Q

what are the harmful side affects of polypeptide hormones and analogues

A
  • sodium and water retention, skin changes, decreased immune function, diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, cancer and impotence
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16
Q

what are the perceived benefits of erythropoietin or hormonal blood boosting and common sports involved

A
  • increase number of red blood cells, oxygen-carrying capacity and vo2 max
  • endurance events
17
Q

what are the harmful side affects of erythropoietin or hormonal blood boosting

A
  • blood clotting
  • stroke
  • hypertension
  • heart failure
  • death
18
Q

what are the perceived benefits of blood-doping or red blood cell reinfusion and common sports involved

A
  • increase vo2 max and decrease fatigue

- tour or road cycling, endurance events

19
Q

what are the harmful side affects of blood-doping or red blood cell reinfusion

A

transfer of blood-borne diseases, blood clotting, stroke, hypertension, heart failure, death

20
Q

what are The 8 violations of the WADA code:

A
  1. Presence of a prohibited substance in the athlete’s sample
  2. Use of prohibited substance or method
  3. Refusal to submit a sample or evading sample collection
  4. Failure to file whereabouts and missed tests
  5. The tampering or attempted tampering with any part of the doping control process
  6. Possession of a prohibited substance or method
  7. The trafficking or attempted trafficking of a prohibited substance or method
  8. Administration or attempted administration to an athlete of a prohibited substance or method, including assistance, encouraging, aiding, abetting or covering up of anti-doping rule violation
21
Q

what is ADAMS

A

Anti Doping Administration and Management system.

This is a web based system designed to assist stakeholders(athletes, coaches, etc) in complying with the code

22
Q

what are The four main functions of ADAMS

A

¥ Athlete whereabouts (athletes can enter their information from anywhere around the world
¥ Information clearinghouse (the place where all data is stored, including lab results, rule violations, therapeutic use exemptions etc)
¥ Doping control planning (used to plan, coordinate and order tests and mange test results
¥ TUE management (online management of requests for therapeutic use exemptions)

23
Q

AN anti-doping rule violation (ADRV) can be one of two things…

A

¥ An adverse analytical finding, that is, the sample was found to contain traces of a prohibited substance, its metabolites or markers
¥ A non-analytical violation: a ADRV that is not based on a test result
eg refusing not to give a sample.

24
Q

what is the purpose of the WADA code?

A
  • scientific development
  • drug testing coordination of anti doping procedures,
  • education of athletes/coaches/administrators
  • cooperation with law enforcement
25
Q

define doping

A

‘doping is the use of a prohibited substance or methods to enhance sporting performance’ ASADA (2008)

26
Q

what are the rationale/values of WADA?

A
  • ethics, fair play and honesty
  • health and excellence in performance
  • character and education
  • fun and joy
  • teamwork
  • dedication
  • respect for rules and laws
  • respect for self and other participants
  • courage
  • community and solidarity
27
Q

what is the objectives of the AFL’s illicit drug policy?

A
  • ensure that the AFL competition is conducted upon the basis of athletic prowess and natural levels of fitness and development, and not on any pharmacologically enhanced performance
  • protect players fro using substances that may cause acute or long term harm to their bodies
  • educate the players to understand the dangers and consequences of the use of performing enhancing substances
  • set an example for all participants in the sport of Australian football by condemning the use of performance-enhancing substances
28
Q

what is the athlete biological report?

A
  • this monitors the athletes biological variables over time
  • this will allow for he longitudinal analysis of blood variables, in particular haemoglobin levels, which will make it much harder for athletes to use a prohibited substance.
29
Q

why do athletes prefer hypoxic tents rather than living at altitude

A
  • hypoxic tents enable athletes to live in low oxygen areas to develop EPO, RBC and increase diffusion while they can train in a normal o2 area to maintain training intensities so you fitness stays the same for competition
30
Q

what are the physiological changes that occur due to altitude training?

A
  • EPO increases
  • myoglobin increases
  • o2 diffusion increases
  • RBC’s increase
  • hemoglobin increases

p.e (1-4 in own cards (6 decks)

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