Ch 15-16 Flashcards
name five personal reasons athletes might take performance enhancing drugs?
- ongoing dissatisfaction with their own performance or lack of progress
- psychological dependence
- self-pressure or doubt
- for relaxation or socialisation
- wanting to keep up with other athletes
- a win at all cost mentality
- personal pride
name five environemtnal reasons athletes might take performance enhancing drugs?
- drug culture
- pressure from coach, parents. relatives, media
- unreasonable scheduling that does not allow for reasonable recovery time
- endorsements or financial rewards offered for improved performance
- the prestige and fame offered
- influence of role models
- national honour and pride
what are the types of illegal erogenic drugs
- stimulants
- narcotic analgesics
- anabolic steroids
- beta-blockers
- masking agents
- polypeptide hormones and analogues
- erythropoietin (EPO) or hormonal blood boosting
- blood doping or red blood cell reinfusion
what are the perceived benefits of stimulants and common sports involved
- stimulants mask fatigue, increase alertness and aggression, improve muscle reaction, improve anaerobic performance
- common sports include: athletics, swimming, weightlifting, cycling
what are the harmful side effects involved with stimulants (caffeine)
- anxiety
- restlessness
- tremors
- irritability
- cardiac arrhythmia
- stomach upsets
- dependence
- hypothermia
- heart attack
what are the perceived benefits of narcotic analgesics and common sports involved
- mask pain and give a feeling of euphoria (intense excitement or happiness)
- likely in any sport where injury is common
what are the harmful side effects involved with narcotic analgesics
- dependence
- respiratory failure
- risk of further damage and injury
what are the perceived benefits of anabolic steroids and common sports involved
- increase muscle bulk, power and strength, increase aggression, increase speed of recovery, allowing longer harder training
- common in any sport requiring strength and/or power
what are the harmful side effects involved with anabolic steroids
- dependence
- depression
- hypertension
- cancer
- sudden death
- salt or water retention
- testicular atrophy
- facial hair infertility
what are the perceived benefits of beta-blockers and common sports involved
- reduce HR, tension and tremors. increase relaxation and vo2 diff
- common in shooting and archery, sports the require calm and precision
what are the harmful side effects involved with beta-blockers
- dangerous for asthmatics
- heart failure
- hypotension
- hypoglycaemia
- impotence
explain the perceived benefit and common sports involved with the use of the masking agent diuretics
- masks use of anabolic steroids, reduces body weight quickly
- common in boxing and weightlifting
what are the perceived benefits of masking agents and the harmful side effects?
- promote excretion of urine, correct altered testosterone-epitestosterone ratio , block excretion of anabolic agents, alter red cell parameters.
- side effects include;
dehydration, cramp, cardiac arrhythmia, formation of kidney stones, acute gouty arthritis, hair loss, skin rash, nausea, fever
what are the perceived benefits of polypeptide hormones and analogues and common sports involved
- enhance muscle and bone development, provide an anti-inflammatory effect, mask use of anabolic steroids, give a feeling of euphoria
- common sports are sports are sports involving strength, power and muscle bulk
what are the harmful side affects of polypeptide hormones and analogues
- sodium and water retention, skin changes, decreased immune function, diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, cancer and impotence
what are the perceived benefits of erythropoietin or hormonal blood boosting and common sports involved
- increase number of red blood cells, oxygen-carrying capacity and vo2 max
- endurance events
what are the harmful side affects of erythropoietin or hormonal blood boosting
- blood clotting
- stroke
- hypertension
- heart failure
- death
what are the perceived benefits of blood-doping or red blood cell reinfusion and common sports involved
- increase vo2 max and decrease fatigue
- tour or road cycling, endurance events
what are the harmful side affects of blood-doping or red blood cell reinfusion
transfer of blood-borne diseases, blood clotting, stroke, hypertension, heart failure, death
what are The 8 violations of the WADA code:
- Presence of a prohibited substance in the athlete’s sample
- Use of prohibited substance or method
- Refusal to submit a sample or evading sample collection
- Failure to file whereabouts and missed tests
- The tampering or attempted tampering with any part of the doping control process
- Possession of a prohibited substance or method
- The trafficking or attempted trafficking of a prohibited substance or method
- Administration or attempted administration to an athlete of a prohibited substance or method, including assistance, encouraging, aiding, abetting or covering up of anti-doping rule violation
what is ADAMS
Anti Doping Administration and Management system.
This is a web based system designed to assist stakeholders(athletes, coaches, etc) in complying with the code
what are The four main functions of ADAMS
¥ Athlete whereabouts (athletes can enter their information from anywhere around the world
¥ Information clearinghouse (the place where all data is stored, including lab results, rule violations, therapeutic use exemptions etc)
¥ Doping control planning (used to plan, coordinate and order tests and mange test results
¥ TUE management (online management of requests for therapeutic use exemptions)
AN anti-doping rule violation (ADRV) can be one of two things…
¥ An adverse analytical finding, that is, the sample was found to contain traces of a prohibited substance, its metabolites or markers
¥ A non-analytical violation: a ADRV that is not based on a test result
eg refusing not to give a sample.
what is the purpose of the WADA code?
- scientific development
- drug testing coordination of anti doping procedures,
- education of athletes/coaches/administrators
- cooperation with law enforcement
define doping
‘doping is the use of a prohibited substance or methods to enhance sporting performance’ ASADA (2008)
what are the rationale/values of WADA?
- ethics, fair play and honesty
- health and excellence in performance
- character and education
- fun and joy
- teamwork
- dedication
- respect for rules and laws
- respect for self and other participants
- courage
- community and solidarity
what is the objectives of the AFL’s illicit drug policy?
- ensure that the AFL competition is conducted upon the basis of athletic prowess and natural levels of fitness and development, and not on any pharmacologically enhanced performance
- protect players fro using substances that may cause acute or long term harm to their bodies
- educate the players to understand the dangers and consequences of the use of performing enhancing substances
- set an example for all participants in the sport of Australian football by condemning the use of performance-enhancing substances
what is the athlete biological report?
- this monitors the athletes biological variables over time
- this will allow for he longitudinal analysis of blood variables, in particular haemoglobin levels, which will make it much harder for athletes to use a prohibited substance.
why do athletes prefer hypoxic tents rather than living at altitude
- hypoxic tents enable athletes to live in low oxygen areas to develop EPO, RBC and increase diffusion while they can train in a normal o2 area to maintain training intensities so you fitness stays the same for competition
what are the physiological changes that occur due to altitude training?
- EPO increases
- myoglobin increases
- o2 diffusion increases
- RBC’s increase
- hemoglobin increases
