Ch 14 Functions

Question 1

How can brain function be studied?

Answer 1

PET scan, EEG, fMRI

Question 2

How does a positron emission tomography (PET) work

Answer 2

radioactively labeled glucose by a tissue is measured

Question 3

How does electroencephalography (EEG) work

Answer 3

measures brain waves

Question 4

How does functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) work

Answer 4

measures increased blood flow to an area of brain due to increased astrocyte activity

Question 5

4 types of EEG waves

Answer 5

alpha waves, beta waves, theta waves, delta waves

Question 6

What state gives rise to the 4 EEG waves

Answer 6

alpha: awake but resting
beta: engaged in concentrated mental activity
theta: drowsy or sleepy
delta: deep sleep

Question 7

Difference between fact and skill memory

Answer 7

skill - unconscious, automatic recall
fact - conscious, intentional recall

Question 8

Brain regions involved with memory

Answer 8

amygdala, hippocampus, basal nuclei, cerebral cortex

Question 9

Stages of sleep and their brain activity

Answer 9

stage 1 - drowsy, alpha waves
stage 2 - light sleep, theta waves
stage 3 - moderate to deep sleep, theta waves
stage 4 - deepest sleep, theta waves

Question 10

Neuroplasticity definition

Answer 10

brains ability to reorganize itself by forming neural connections throughout life

Question 11

Aphasia definition

Answer 11

language deficit

Question 12

Nonfluent (broca) aphasia

Answer 12

• lesion in broca area
• slow speech, difficulty in choosing words, using words

Question 13

Fluent (wernicke) aphasia

Answer 13

• lesion in wernicke area
• speech n9ormal and excessive but uses senseless jargon

Question 14

Anomic aphasia

Answer 14

can speak and understand speech but cannot identify written words or pictures

Question 15

Suprachiasmatic nucleus function

Answer 15

regulates circadian rhythm

Question 16

Special senses

Answer 16

vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste, smell

Question 17

2 general senses

Answer 17

visceral and somatic

Question 18

Visceral senses

Answer 18

information from internal organs are processed at reflex centers in brainstem and diencephalon

Question 19

Somatic senses

Answer 19

information from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints are processed at the thalamus and the sent to the somatosensory cortex

Question 20

First order neuron

Answer 20

detects a stimulus and transmits it to the spinal cord or brain

Question 21

Second order neuron

Answer 21

continues to the thalamus

Question 22

Third order neuron

Answer 22

information that’s traveling to the sensory region of the cortex

Question 23

Somatic motor

Answer 23

• skeletal muscle
• voluntary
• pathway of two neurons
• originates at primary motor cortex

Question 24

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 24

• cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
• involuntary
• originates at hypothalamus or brainstem
• pathway of three neurons