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BI 232 Wk 1 Ch 14 & Ex 9 Brain > Ch 14 Forebrain > Flashcards

Ch 14 Forebrain Flashcards

1
Q

Diencephalon location

A

between the cerebral hemispheres and superior to the brainstem

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2
Q

Diencephalon function

A

processes sensory and motor signals, master control center for: hormone secretion, autonomic nervous system regulation, body temp control, involved in circadian rhythm regulation, melatonin production

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3
Q

Parts of the diencephalon

A

epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus

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4
Q

What contains the pineal gland?

A

epithalamus

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5
Q

Pineal gland function

A

releases melatonin

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6
Q

Mammillary bodies function

A

memory relay function, feeding reflexes (licking, swallowing)

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7
Q

Infundibulum function

A

connects hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

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8
Q

Thalamus function

A

sensory relay center; relays impulses from the sense organs up into the cortex

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9
Q

Nuclei of the thalamus

A

anterior group, medial group, ventral group, lateral group, posterior group

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10
Q

What sensory information comes through the thalamus?

A

taste, hearing, vision, touch, pain, pressure, heat, cold

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11
Q

What sensory information DOES NOT come through the thalamus?

A

smell (goes directly to the limbic system) and some reflexive sensory pathways

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12
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

rage, fear, pain, sexual arousal, pleasure, alertness, excitement, lethargy, sleep

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13
Q

Nuclei of the hypothalamus

A

anterior nucleus, arcuate nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, mammillary nuclei, paraventricular nucleus, posterior nucleus, preoptic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, ventromedial nucleus

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14
Q

Mnemonic for the nuclei of the hypothalamus

A

silly sailors paddle along dangerous vessels around peculiar passageways meticulously

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15
Q

Telencephalon definition

A

the region of the brain that develops into the cerebrum

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16
Q

Mnemonic for the nuclei of the thalamus

A

a lying pig may vandalize

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17
Q

Portions of the epithalamus

A

pineal gland and habenula

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18
Q

Epithalamus function

A

circadian rhythm regulation, limbic system connections, neuroendocrine signaling

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19
Q

Cerebrum location

A

largest part of the brain; 83%, superior to the brainstem and cerebellum

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20
Q

Cerebrum function

A

cognitive thinking, language processing, motor control, sensory processing

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21
Q

5 lobes of the cerebrum

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, insula

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22
Q

Frontal lobe functions

A
  • abstract thought
  • explicit memory
  • mood
  • motivation
  • foresight and planning
  • decision making
  • emotional control
  • social judgement
  • voluntary motor control
  • speech production
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23
Q

Location of frontal lobe

A

immediately behind frontal bone; anterior brain

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24
Q

Parietal lobe functions

A
  • taste
  • somatic sensation
  • sensory integration
  • visual processing
  • spatial perception
  • language processing
  • numerical awareness
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25
Q

Location of parietal lobe

A

underlies parietal bone; forms uppermost part of brain

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26
Q

Regions of parietal lobe

A

primary somatosensory cortex, somatosensory association cortex

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27
Q

Occipital lobe functions

A
  • visual awareness
  • visual procesing
28
Q

Location of occipital lobe

A

underlying occipital bone; rear brain

29
Q

Insula lobe functions

A
  • taste
  • pain
  • visceral sensation
  • consciousness
  • emotion and empathy
  • cardiovascular homeostasis
30
Q

Location of insula lobe

A

deep within the brain’s lateral sulcus; covered by temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes

31
Q

Temporal lobe functions

A
  • hearing
  • smelling
  • emotion
  • learning
  • language comprehension
  • memory consolidation
  • verbal memory
  • visual and auditory memory
  • language
32
Q

Location of temporal lobes

A

deep to the temporal bones

33
Q

Which side does each hemisphere send/receive sensory/motor info from?

A

from the opposite side

34
Q

Two area of the cerebrum that contain gray matter

A

cerebral cortex and basal nuclei

35
Q

Basal nuclei function

A

helps initiate and terminate movements

36
Q

Basal nuclei location

A

deep within cerebral white matter and lateral to the thalamus

37
Q

Tracts found in cerebral white matter

A

commissural fibers, association fibers, projection fibers

38
Q

Commissural fibers function

A

interconnect and permit communication between the cerebral hemispheres

39
Q

Association fibers function

A

interconnect cortical area within the same hemisphere

40
Q

Projection fibers function

A

connect cerebral cortex to diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord

41
Q

Function and location of primary motor areas in the cerebral cortex

A

Function: initiate involuntary muscle movements, sends direct signals to brainstem/spinal cord, control specific muscle groups

Location: precentral gyrus

42
Q

Function and location of primary sensory areas in the cerebral cortex

A

Function: first to receive sensory input, create initial awareness of stimulus

Location: postcentral gyrus

43
Q

Function and location of association areas in the cerebral cortex

A

Function: interpret and integrate sensory information, provide cognitive meaning, connect multiple sensory inputs

Location: surrounding primary areas

44
Q

Function and location of somatosensory cortex

A

Function: processes sensory information, awareness of sensory stimuli, interprets touch, pressure, temp, pain

Location: immediately posterior to central sulcus, part of parietal lobe

45
Q

Function and location of prefrontal cortex

A

Function: consciousness, abstract thought, cognitive and emotional processes, speech production

Location: immediately behind forehead

46
Q

Function and location of primary motor cortex

A

Function: initiates voluntary movement, sends signals to brainstem/spinal cord

Location: most posterior gyrus of frontal lobe

47
Q

Function and location of wernicke’s area

A

Function: recognizing and understanding language

Location: posterior portion of temporal lobe

48
Q

Function and location of broca’s area

A

Function: speech production

Location: inferior prefrontal cortex

49
Q

Function of precentral gyrus

A

voluntary muscle movement, motor signal generation, sending commands to brainstem and spinal cord

50
Q

Function of postcentral gyrus

A

sensory information processing, awareness of body sensations, interpreting sensory inputs

51
Q

What is the left hemisphere more involved with?

A

language skills, analytical tasks

52
Q

What is the right hemisphere more involved with?

A

relating to sensory environment, emotional context of conversations

53
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

functional grouping of regions of the brain

54
Q

Limbic system function

A

emotions, motivation, learning, memory

55
Q

Where is the limbic system?

A

located on the medial side of each cerebral hemisphere

56
Q

Regions of the limbic system

A

amygdala, cerebrum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, reticular formation

57
Q

Pituitary function

A
  • makes hormones
  • posterior portion releases hormones (oxytocin, ADH, regulatory hormones
58
Q

Habenula function

A

relay from the limbic system to the midbrain

59
Q

Amygdala function

A

regulates heart rate, responding to fear and anxiety, controlling fight or flight response, linking emotions with specific memories

60
Q

Hippocampus function

A

learning, retrieval of new long-term memories

61
Q

Cerebral cortex regions

A

motor, sensory, association areas

62
Q

Regions of frontal lobe

A

primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, broca’s area

63
Q

Regions of occipital lobe

A

visual cortex, visual association area

64
Q

Regions of temporal lobe

A

auditory cortex, auditory association area; olfactory cortex, wernicke’s area

65
Q

Regions of insula lobe

A

gustatory cortex

BI 232 Wk 1 Ch 14 & Ex 9 Brain (12 decks)

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