Ch 14 Forebrain Flashcards by Taylor Loberg

Diencephalon location

between the cerebral hemispheres and superior to the brainstem

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Diencephalon function

processes sensory and motor signals, master control center for: hormone secretion, autonomic nervous system regulation, body temp control, circadian rhythm regulation, melatonin production

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Parts of the diencephalon

epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus

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What contains the pineal gland?

epithalamus

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Pineal gland function

releases melatonin

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Mammillary bodies function

memory relay, licking and swallowing reflexes

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Infundibulum function

connects hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

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Thalamus function

relay center for the brain

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Nuclei of the thalamus

anterior group, posterior group, medial group, lateral group, ventral group

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What sensory information comes through the thalamus?

taste, hearing, vision, touch, pain, pressure, heat, cold

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What sensory information DOES NOT come through the thalamus?

smell

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What brain region is the sensory relay center of the brain?

thalamus

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Hypothalamus function

rage, fear, pain, sexual arousal, pleasure, alertness, excitement, lethargy, sleep

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Nuclei of the hypothalamus

supraoptic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, posterior nucleus, anteior nucleus, dorsalmedial nucleus, ventromedial nucleus, arcuate nucleus, preoptic nucleus, paraventricular nulcues, mammillary nuclei

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Mnemonic for the nuclei of the hypothalamus

silly sailors paddle along dangerous vessels around peculiar passageways meticulously

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Telencephalon definition

the region of the brain that develops into the cerebrum

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Portions of the epithalamus

pineal gland and habenula

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Epithalamus function

circadian rhythm regulation, limbic system connections, neuroendocrine signaling

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Cerebrum location

largest part of the brain; 83%, superior to the brainstem and cerebellum

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Cerebrum function

cognitive thinking, language processing, motor control, sensory processing

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5 lobes of the cerebrum

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, insula

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Frontal lobe functions

abstract thought
explicit memory
mood
motivation
foresight and planning
decision making
emotional control
social judgement
voluntary motor control
speech production

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Parietal lobe functions

taste
somatic sensation
sensory integration
visual processing
spatial perception
language processing
numerical awareness

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Regions of parietal lobe

primary somatosensory cortex, somatosensory association cortex

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Occipital lobe functions

visual awareness, visual procesing

Insula lobe functions

- taste - pain - visceral sensation - consciousness - emotion and empathy - cardiovascular homeostasis

Location of insula lobe

deep within the brain's lateral sulcus; covered by temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes

Temporal lobe functions

- hearing - smelling - emotion - learning - language comprehension - memory consolidation - verbal memory - visual and auditory memory - language

Which side does each hemisphere send/receive sensory/motor info from?

from the opposite side

Two areas of the cerebrum that contain gray matter

cerebral cortex and basal nuclei

Basal nuclei function

helps initiate and terminate movements

Basal nuclei location

deep within cerebral white matter and lateral to the thalamus

Tracts found in cerebral white matter

commissural fibers, association fibers, projection fibers

What type of fiber is the corpus callosum?

commissural fiber

Commissural fibers function

connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Association fibers function

connects areas within the same hemisphere

Projection fibers function

connect cerebral cortex to diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord

Function and location of primary motor areas in the cerebral cortex

Function: initiate involuntary muscle movements, sends direct signals to brainstem/spinal cord, control specific muscle groups Location: precentral gyrus

Function and location of primary sensory areas in the cerebral cortex

Function: first to receive sensory input and creates initial awareness of stimulus Location: postcentral gyrus

Function and location of association areas in the cerebral cortex

Function: interpret and integrate sensory information, provide cognitive meaning, connect multiple sensory inputs Location: surrounding primary areas

Function and location of somatosensory cortex

Function: processes sensory information, awareness of sensory stimuli, interprets touch, pressure, temp, pain Location: immediately posterior to central sulcus, part of parietal lobe

Function and location of prefrontal cortex

Function: consciousness, abstract thought, cognitive and emotional processes, speech production Location: immediately behind forehead

Function and location of primary motor cortex

Function: initiates voluntary movement, sends signals to brainstem/spinal cord Location: most posterior gyrus of frontal lobe

Broca's and wenicke's areas of the brain are both involved with what

language

Function and location of wernicke's area

Function: language comprehension Location: posterior portion of temporal lobe

Function and location of broca's area

Function: speech production Location: inferior prefrontal cortex

Function of precentral gyrus

voluntary muscle movement, motor signal generation, sending commands to brainstem and spinal cord

Function of postcentral gyrus

sensory information processing, awareness of body sensations, interpreting sensory inputs

What is the left hemisphere more involved with?

language skills, analytical tasks

What is the right hemisphere more involved with?

relating to sensory environment, emotional context of conversations

What is the limbic system?

functional grouping of regions of the brain

Limbic system function

emotions, motivation, learning, memory

Where is the limbic system?

located on the medial side of each cerebral hemisphere

Regions of the limbic system

amygdala, cerebrum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, reticular formation

Pituitary function

- makes hormones - posterior portion releases hormones (oxytocin, ADH, regulatory hormones

Habenula function

relay from the limbic system to the midbrain

Amygdala function

regulates heart rate, responding to fear and anxiety, controlling fight or flight response, linking emotions with specific memories

Hippocampus function

learning, retrieval of new long-term memories

Cerebral cortex regions

motor, sensory, association areas

Regions of frontal lobe

primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, broca's area

Regions of occipital lobe

visual cortex, visual association area

Regions of temporal lobe

auditory cortex, auditory association area; olfactory cortex, wernicke's area

Regions of insula lobe

gustatory cortex

Ch 14 Forebrain Flashcards

(63 cards)