Ch 14: Comp (Inst and Assess) Und. and Anlyz Nar/Lit Texts (23%)

Question 0

genre

Answer 0

categories or types of literature

examples: traditional literature or folktales, modern or high fantasy, science fiction, contemporary realistic fiction, historical fiction, biography, poetry

Question 1

narrative texts

Answer 1

stories, written accounts of actual or fictional events

example: short stories and novels

Question 2

elements of story grammar (6)

Answer 2

character
plot
setting
mood
theme
style

Question 3

instruction in the elements - story mapping

Answer 3

teacher first provides complete model of story map or outline

then the teacher provides skeletal maps or outlines, students complete during and after they read, with help

next students complete it on their own

provides a visual representation of the story - structure

another type of story map is a star diagram (what? when? where? why? how? and who?)

Question 4

examples of figurative language (4)

Answer 4

• hyperbole - exaggerated comparison (scared to death)
• metaphor - an implied comparison (the road was a river of moonlight)
• personification - giving human traits to nonhuman beings or inanimate objects (the crickets sang in the grasses)
• simile - stated comparison between unlike things using words like or as (he was as big as a house)

Question 5

examples of stylistic devices in figurative language (4)

Answer 5

• symbol - person, object , situation, or action that operates on two levels of meaning – literal and symbolic (in the polar express, the small bell is a symbol for the true meaning of christmas)
• imagery - when the author appeals to the senses, sight, sound, smell, touch (descriptive language like soft, crunching, hard, smooth, powdery)
• irony - occurs when there is incongruity between what a character says or does and reality
• verbal irony: someone says something that is not consistent with reality (“beautiful weather we are having” while it is raining)
• dramatic irony: reader or audience knows something and the character does not (romeo and juliet when the audience knows juliet is not dead)
• foreshadowing - author drops hints about what might happen later

Question 6

making connections - analysis of discussion and writing (text to text, text to self, text to world)

Answer 6

• text to text - are students able to see the relationships between a book and other books
• text to self - are students in their oral and written responses making connections between the book and their own lives
• text to world - are students able to see the relationship between a book and the events or people in the real world

Question 7

instructional strategies for struggling readers

Answer 7

• provide access to grade level texts orally (read aloud)
• focus on key elements of story grammar (explicitly highlight key literary elements)
• use story maps (graphic representations help)
• reteach and use concrete examples

Question 8

instructional strategies for English learners

Answer 8

• clarify the cultural context of the text - EL might be confused by certain literary elements and features or characters actions (esp. true of interpersonal relationships specific to US norms)
• pre-teach key vocabulary