ch 14

Question 1

The smallest-diameter underground water main pipes in a water distribution system that deliver water to local users within a neighborhood.

Answer 1

Distributors

Question 2

A type of hydrant used in areas subject to freezing weather. The valve that allows water to flow into the hydrant is located underground below the frost line, and the barrel of the hydrant is normally dry.

Answer 2

Dry-barrel hydrant

Question 3

An arrangement of pipe permanently connected to a water source other than a piped, pressurized water supply system that provides a ready means of water supply for firefighting purposes and that utilizes the drafting (suction) capability of a fire department pump. (NFPA 1142)

Answer 3

Dry hydrant

Question 4

A large opening from the water tank of a mobile water supply apparatus for unloading purposes. (NFPA 1901)

Answer 4

Dump valve

Question 5

An above-ground water storage tank that is designed to maintain pressure on a water distribution system.

Answer 5

Elevated water storage tower

Question 6

The amount of pressure created by gravity. Also known as head pressure.

Answer 6

Elevation pressure

Question 7

The physical science of how water flows through a pipe or hose.

Answer 7

Fire hydraulics

Question 8

A water distribution system that depends on gravity to provide the required pressure. The system storage is usually located at a higher elevation than the end users of the water.

Answer 8

Gravity-feed system

Question 9

The reduction in pressure resulting from the water being in contact with the side of the hose. This contact requires force to overcome the drag that the wall of the hose creates.

Answer 9

Friction loss

Question 10

The energy possessed by an object as a result of its motion.

Answer 10

Kinetic energy

Question 11

A vehicle designed primarily for transporting (pickup, transporting, and
delivering) water to fire emergency scenes to be applied by other vehicles or pumping equipment. (NFPA 1901)

Answer 11

Mobile water supply apparatus

Question 12

A system having water pipes servicing fire hydrants and designed to furnish, over and above domestic consumption, a minimum of 250 gpm (946 L/min) at 20 psi (138 kPa) residual pressure for a 2-hour duration. (NFPA 1141)

Answer 12

Municipal-type water system

Question 13

The observed static pressure in a water distribution system during a period of normal demand.

Answer 13

Normal operating pressure

Question 14

A type of gauge that is used to measure the velocity pressure of water that is being discharged from an opening. It is used to determine the flow of water from a hydrant or nozzle.

Answer 14

Pitot gauge

Question 15

Folding or collapsible tanks that are used at the fire scene to hold water for drafting.

Answer 15

Portable tanks

Question 16

The energy that an object has stored up as a result of its position or condition; examples include a raised weight or a coiled spring.

Answer 16

Potential energy

Question 17

The largest-diameter water main pipes in a water distribution system that carry the greatest amounts of water.

Answer 17

Primary feeders

Question 18

A privately owned water system that operates separately from the municipal water system.

Answer 18

Private water system

Question 19

A water storage facility.

Answer 19

Reservoir

Question 20

The pressure that exists in the distribution system, measured at the residual hydrant at the time the flow readings are taken at the flow hydrants. (NFPA 24)

Answer 20

Residual pressure

Question 21

Smaller-diameter water main pipes in the water distribution system that connect the primary feeders to the distributors.

Answer 21

Secondary feeders

Question 22

Any valve that can be used to terminate water flow to a water user or system.

Answer 22

Shut-off valve

Question 23

The pressure that exists at a given point under normal distribution system conditions measured at the residual hydrant with no hydrants flowing. (NFPA 24)

Answer 23

Static pressure

Question 24

A water source such as a pond, river, stream, or other body of water that is not under pressure.

Answer 24

Static water source

Question 25

The large-diameter port on a fire hydrant.

Answer 25

Steamer port

Question 26

The quantity of water flowing; usually measured in gallons (liters) per minute.

Answer 26

Volume

Question 27

The amount of water that is moving through pipes, hose, and fittings, usually expressed in gallons (liters) per minute (gpm or L/min).

Answer 27

Water flow

Question 28

The surge of pressure that occurs when a high-velocity flow of water is abruptly shut off. The pressure exerted by the flowing water against the closed system can be seven or more times that of the static pressure. (NFPA 1962)

Answer 28

Water hammer

Question 29

A generic term for any underground water pipe.

Answer 29

Water main

Question 30

The application of force by one object against another. It is created when water is forced through the distribution system.

Answer 30

Water pressure

Question 31

A method of transporting water from a source to a fire scene using a number of mobile water supply apparatus.

Answer 31

Water shuttle operations

Question 32

A source of water for firefighting activities. (NFPA 1144)

Answer 32

Water supply

Question 33

A hydrant used in areas that are not susceptible to freezing. The barrel of the hydrant is normally filled with water.

Answer 33

Wet-barrel hydrant