CH 14 & 15 Mitosis and Cell Cycle

Question 1

What moves sister chromatids apart in anaphase b

Answer 1

Motor proteins that pull and push.

Question 2

What motor protein pulls

Answer 2

Dyein

Question 3

What motor protein pushes

Answer 3

Eg5

Question 4

How does the centrosome duplicate

Answer 4

By duplication of centrioles

Question 5

Define Cohesins

Answer 5

Binds Chromatids and help alignment

Question 6

T/F Cohesins helps the cell remember gene expression , by marking transcription factor binding, helping transcription factors find their correct places.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Ubiquitination events

Answer 7

Ubiquitination of cyclin and ubiquitination of CKI

Question 8

What does Ubiquitination of CKI do?

Answer 8

Returns to the cell cycle.

Question 9

What does Ubiquitination of cyclin do?

Answer 9

Activates/ inhibits CDK

Question 10

How is Ubiquitination of CKI Regulated

Answer 10

By ubiqitin

Question 11

How is ubiquitination of cyclin regulated

Answer 11

By phosphate

Question 12

What are ATR and ATM doing on Chk1 Chk2.

Answer 12

Initiate Checkpoint response

Question 13

What are the events of prophase

Answer 13

Condensing of chromosomes, Centrosomes appear

Question 14

What are Chk1 and Chk2

Answer 14

They are mediator proteins

Question 15

How do Chk1 and Chk2 interact with Cdc25

Answer 15

they target Cdc25

Question 16

What do Chk1 and Chk2 do?

Answer 16

They Slow/ damage DNA replication

Question 17

Function of Anaphase promoting cmoplex

Answer 17

activate seperase and allow chromatids to separate

Question 18

How many kinetochore are there in a human cell

Answer 18

2 per chromosomes = 92 total.

Question 19

What are astral microtubule

Answer 19

microtubules that attach to kinetochores

Question 20

Where to astral microtubules originate

Answer 20

Centrosomes

Question 21

What is the mitotic spindle

Answer 21

Lining and segregation of chromosomes

Question 22

How does cdc25 affect commitment to mitosis

Answer 22

Catalyzes cyclin b and cdk1

Question 23

T/F Cdc25 expression oscillates during cell cycle.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

How is the ORI (origin of replication) licensed to fire

Answer 24

Licensing factor: Proteins that allow ORI to replicate DNA

Question 25

How does spindle position determine contractile ring?

Answer 25

Because to the interaction between mitotic spindle and cortex of the cell.

Question 26

How is coordination of DNA synthesis and replication of centrioles acheived

Answer 26

Centrioles replicates and is elongated in S phase with DNA synthesis.

Question 27

Where does the signal for spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) come from

Answer 27

Signal comes from the proper attachment of microtubules to kinetochore

Question 28

Critical events of M phase

Answer 28

Nuclear and cytoplasmic division.

Question 29

What is the pre-replication complex

Answer 29

6 protein complex bound to origin replication complex (ORC)

Question 30

What happens to a cell without functional retinoblastoma protein.

Answer 30

DNA will not replicate or divid properly

Question 31

How do oncologists classify Retinoblastoma protein

Answer 31

Cancer suppressor

Question 32

What are centromeres

Answer 32

Centromere is the origin of a chromosome

Question 33

What is the role of a centromere

Answer 33

The binding site of kinetochore and microtubule.

Question 34

T/F When nuclear envelope breaks down, microtubules attach to chromosome by randomly probing and finding kinetochore.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What molecular sensors respond to the absence of Retinoblastoma protein

Answer 35

G1 CDK-cyclin phosphorylate Retinoblastoma

Question 36

Define Congression as it pertains to mitosis

Answer 36

aligning of mitotic spindle

Question 37

T/F Chromosomes are pushed away from poles.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

Cdk and Cyclin complex of G1 phase

Answer 38

Cyclin D | CDK 4 and CDK 6

Question 39

CDK and Cylclin complex of S phase

Answer 39

Cyclin a | CDK 2

Question 40

CDK and Cyclin complex of G2 phase

Answer 40

Cyclin A | CDK 1

Question 41

CDK cyclin complex of M phase

Answer 41

Cyclin B | CDK 1

Question 42

T/F Each kinetochore fiber exerts poleward force that is proportional to its lenght

Answer 42

True | Kinetochores need to be the same length

Question 43

T/F Stable bipolar attachment of sister chromatids is assessed by kinetochore passenger proteins and MCAK motor (that depolymerizes microtubules) so that the SAC is not passed too soon.

Answer 43

False. | SAC becomes activated when there is an issue in the attachment of kinetochore.

Question 44

A cell in quiescence is?

Answer 44

In arrested state.

Question 45

T/F CENP-E protein in an unattached kinetochore can slide along an adjacent, attached kinetochore fiber toward a centered chromosome to help the unattched chromosome get closer to the center. This may help shorten the distance for the microtubles searching for an unattached kinetochore.

Answer 45

True | CENP-E is a part of the the corona

Question 46

What does a cell look like when it losses function of Wee kinase the inhibitory kinase of Cdk1

Answer 46

The cell enters mitosis early. | Wee acts as a regulator for entry into mitosis

Question 47

Role of SAC

Answer 47

To make sure kinetochores are properly attached.

Question 48

What prevents ORI from being being used more than once per cell cycle.

Answer 48

Can no longer bind to DNA

Question 49

The isolation of conditional cell cycle mutations in yeast helped identify many of the key proteins involved in cell cycle control. Many of these mutations were given the name cdc (cell division cycle) and are temperature sensitive. Hypothesize about the outcomes of a cdc temperature sensitive mutant.

Answer 49

Temperature can be used as a factor to determine the rate of cycle.

Question 50

There are several mechanisms for regulating Cdk activiy. List 3.

Answer 50

Association with cyclin Phosphorilation - inhibitory Dephosphorilation- activation

Question 51

Role of p53

Answer 51

is a gene that codes for regulation in DNA | less mutations

Question 52

What is one function of Cdk1 - Cyclin B complex in mammalian cells

Answer 52

Mitosis, Phosphorilation of lamin protein, trigger of nuclear envelope disassembly