Ch 13 - Colon Procedure and Male Reproductive Health Flashcards
three parts of the large intestine
cecum - consist of a blind pouch attached to appendix
colon -
rectum -
primary function of the large intestine
absorption of water and preparation of fecal material for elimination
mucus is secreted from glands to bind fecal material together and protects the intestinal walls from irritating effects of the substance moving through it
occult blood
non-visible blood
melena
black tar-like blood due to oxidation of iron in the blood (heme) by intestines and bacterial enzymes
purpose and function of fecal occult blood test
greater than 5 mL of blood per day is detectable
collected from three bowel movements on three different days
hemorrhoids anal fissures colorectal polyps diverticulitis peptic ulcers ulcerative colitis GERD crohn disease
pt prep: special diet 3 days before the test; high fiber, meat free
high fiber encourages bleeding
meat can contain animal blood
no ibuprofen, naproxen, iron supplement, vitamin C
store test at 59 F - 86F protected from heat, sunlight, and strong fluorescent light, away from volatile chemicals
positive turns blue
fecal immunochemical test
FIT
fecal occult blood test that uses antibodies to detect blood in stool
more expensive but sensitive to presence of lower GI bleeding
no medication or dietary restrictions
fecal DNA test
detects abnormal cells that are shed into the stool from cancerous growth or colorectal polyps
tests for occult blood
no prep
sigmoidoscopy
visual examination of the mucosa of the rectum and the lower third of the colon using a flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscope
cause of bleeding from occult test
evaluate colon - lower abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation
lesions, polyps, hemorrhoids, fissures, infection and inflammation
diagnostic for ulcerative colitis or crohn disease
prep: digital exam, partial bowel prep
exam: Sims position, biopsy as needed
colonoscopy
visual examination of the mucosa of the rectum and the entire length of the colon with flexible fiberoptic colonoscope
early detection of colon cancer; performed after positive FOBT
prep: full bowel prep flushed out fecal material
sedative to relax pt
hospital or large medical clinic
prostate cancer symptoms
difficulty in urinating weak or interrupted urinary flow pain or burning during urination frequent urination at night blood in urine pain in lower back, pelvis, upper thighs
prostate cancer screening
digital rectal exam - soft tissue is normal
prostate-specific antigen test - measures elevated PSA in blood; no exercise or sexual intercourse before test
older than 50 years old
risk factors for testicular cancer
history of cryptochidism
family history of testicular cancer
cancer of the other testicle
caucasian race
15 - 34 yo
