Ch 11 - Administration of Medication and Intravenous Therapy Flashcards
elixir
a drug that is dissolved in a solution of alcohol and water
sweetened and flavored
taken orally
emulsion
mixture of fats or oils in water
liniment
a drug combined with oil, soap, alcohol, or water
Produces heat when applied externally with friction
lotion
aqueous preparation that contains suspended ingredients. used to treat external skin conditions.
soothe, protect, moisten skin and destroy harmful bacteria
solution
liquid preparation that contains one or more completely dissolved substances
dissolved substance/solute into the solvent
parenteral injections
spirit
drug combined alcoholic solution that is volatile
volatile substances evaporates readily
spray
a fine stream of medicated vapor
throat and nose
suspension
solid insoluble drug particles in a liquid
must be shaken before administration
suspension aerosol
pressurized form of solid aerosol or liquid drug particles suspended in gas to be dispensed as a mist
syrup
dissolved in sugar, water, sometimes flavoring
tincture
dissolved in a solution of alcohol or alcohol and water
examples of schedule I drugs
GHB heroin LSD MDMA mescaline methaqualone psilocybin
superscription
abbreviation Rx
inscription
states the name of the drug and dose
subscription
directions for pharmacist
signatura
directions to patients for taking meds
information in medication record
PT name and birth drug allergies date medications prescribed or date started dated ended name and dose of meds frequency route medication category refills
idiosyncratic reaction
abnormal response to drug that is unexplained and unpredictable
elderly at risk
official name
name listed in official publications
USP or NF
Official publications set specific standards to regulate the strength, purity, packaging, safety, labeling, and dosage form of each drug
the generic name is frequently used for the official name
list when to check the drug label three times before administering
removing meds from storage
while preparing meds
after preparing meds
what syringe is used to administer intramuscular injections?
hypodermic syringes
2, 2.5, 3, 5 mL sizes
what is the most common type of insulin syringe?
U-100
which is calibrated in increments of 2
what are other names for the TB test?
Mendel-Mantoux - Tubersol, Apilsol
tuberculin sensitivity
PPD - purified protein derivative
Pirquet
what is the liquid used for reconstituting a medication?
sterile water or normal saline
example of a reconstituted medication?
measles mumps rubella vaccine
what sites are used for subcutaneous injections?
upper lateral part of arms anterior thigh upper back abdomen flank
absorption occurs mainly from capillaries resulting in a slower absorption rate than IM
avoid grossly adipose, hardened, inflamed, or edematous
sites for intramuscular injections
dorsogluteal - lateral upper behind below hip bone
vastus lateralis - middle anterior thigh
ventrogluteal - side of hip
deltoid
how to find the dorsalgluteal site?
upper outer quadrant
palpate the greater trochanter and posterior superior iliac spine
or locate upper outer quadrant about 2-3 inches below iliac crest
to avoid sciatic nerve and superior gluteal artery
PT must be older than 3 yrs
meds up to 3 mL
vastus lateralis site
thick muscle
not near major nerves or blood vessels
good for infants and children younger than 3 yrs
whose gluteal muscles are not well developed
one handbreath below the greater trochanter
one handbreath above knee
purpose of Z track method
medications that are irritating to the subq or skin or discoloration using a zigzag method to displace seal needle track so meds cannot seep back into needle
dorsogluteal
ventrogluteal
vastus lateralis
what is tuberculosis
infectious bacterial disease by mycobacterium tuberculosis
affects lungs - pulmonary tuberculosis
other body parts - extrapulmonary tuberculosis
destroys tissue
induration
abnormally raised hardened area with clearly defined margins caused by accumulation of small sensitized lymphphocytes
eg. wheal
how to store tuberculin PPD solution?
kept in dark
refrigerator at 35 F- 46 F
QuantiFERON - TB GOLD
QFT-G
blood test to check for M. tuberculosis
cannot differentiate between active or latent forms
needs further testing such as chest radiograph, microbiological examination, culture of PT’s sputum
how to determine a negative PPD test
erythema present without induration
Procedure 11.7 administering an intradermal injection
sanitize hands
greet PT, introduce self, confirm name and DOB
select injection site: anterior forearm or middle of back
find and cleanse area with antiseptic wipe
apply gloves and remove needle guard
hold skin taut
insert needle 10-15 degrees angle
insert needle 1/8 inch until bevel just penetrates skin
no aspiration needed
release skin inject solution slowly and steadily until a wheal forms
place guaze over and remove needle
dipose needle into sharps container
remove gloves, sanitize hands, document
Procedure 11.6 Z-track IM injection
obvious first steps then
apply gloves remove needle guard
pull skin away laterally with nondom hand
inject 1 -1.5 inches away
insert needle at 90 degree angle
aspirate to check for blood, if none then continue
inject medication slow and steady
wait 10 seconds
release skin then withdraw needle quickly
do not apply pressure to site to prevent meds seeping out
lock dipose needle. etc.
list the six sections of the Physicians’ Desk Reference
manufacturer's index - pharmaceutical manufacturers brand and generic name index product category index - action on body product identification guide - photo product information - main section
filter needles or spinal tap
18 gauge
length, gauge, usual syringe size and volume for intradermal injections
length: 3/8” to 1/2”
gauge: 25 to 27
usual syringe size: 1 mL
volume: 0.01 to 1 mL
length, gauge, usual syringe size and volume for subcutaneous injections
length: 1/2” to 5/8”
gauge: 26 to 32
usual syringe size: 1 mL
volume: 0.5 - 1 to 2 mL per Pharmacology book
length, gauge, usual syringe size and volume for intramuscular injections
length: 1” to 2”
gauge: 20 to 23
usual syringe size: 3 mL
volume: 0.5 to 3 mL
the reason for enteric-coating a tablet is to
prevent the medication from irritating the stomach lining
the name assigned by the pharmaceutical company that first develop a drug
generic name
what is the maximal amount of medication that can be administered through the subcutaneous route?
1 mL per CP book
