Ch 12- Textbook

Question 0

What are the 2 questions that psychologists need to answer when it comes to emotion?

Answer 0

1. Chicken-and-egg-debate: Does your bodily arousal come before or after your emotional feelings?
2. How do thinking (cognition) and feeling interact?.

Question 1

What is emotion?

Answer 1

• A response of the whole organism involving;
• Physiological arousal (i.e heart pounding)
• Expressive behaviours (i.e quickened pace)
• Conscious experience (including thoughts and feelings)

Question 2

What does the James- Lange theory of emotion state?

Answer 2

• Our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion- arousing stimuli
  “We feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble”

Question 3

What is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?

Answer 3

• Emotion-arousing stimuli spontaneously triggers: 1 physiological responses, and 2 the subjective experience of emotion
  “Your heart begins pounding as you experience fear”
• Disagrees with James and Lange

Question 4

What are the basic concepts of stress?

Answer 4

1. Stressor. Ex: dangerous car ride.
2. Stress reaction. Physical and emotional responses
3. Stress. The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events (stressors)

Question 5

What are the 3 main categories that stressors fall into?

Answer 5

1. Catastrophes
2. Significant life changes
3. Daily hassles

Question 6

What is general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

Answer 6

• 3-step system of the body’s adaptive response to stress proposed by Hans Selye, Canadian scientist:
  1. Alarm (faintness of shock, hr rises, blood diverted to skeletal muscles)
  2. Resistance (temp, br rise, respiration is heightened)
  3. Exhaustion (you will become vulnerable to illness, in extreme cases: collapse and die)

Question 7

What are the options for dealing with stress?

Answer 7

• Withdraw, Pull Back, Conserve Energy.

Question 8

What are the gender differences in stress?

Answer 8

• Men= more likely to turn to alcohol and withdraw socially

- Women= more likely to ‘tend and befriend’ as they are empathetic

Question 9

What is the stress response system?

Answer 9

• Walter Cannon
• Theory that the stress response is part of a unified mind-body system
• Different situations trigger a response of the stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands

Question 10

What is catharsis?

Answer 10

• Maintains that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.
• usually fails to cleanse one’s rage

Question 11

What are the 6 Universal facial expressions?

Answer 11

• Anger
• Disgust
• Happiness
• Sadness
• Fear
• Surprise

Question 12

What does epinephrine do?

Answer 12

• Trigger feelings of arousal

Question 13

What is the Schalhter & Singer theory of emotion?

Answer 13

• Emotions can only be experienced if one is:
  1. Physically aroused;
  2. Able to cognitively label the arousal