CH 12: POPULATION GROWTH AND AGING

Question 1

Negative stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination based on a person’s or group’s perceived chronological age.

Answer 1

Ageism

Question 2

The underrepresentation of older adults in advertising and educational materials.

Answer 2

Ageism by invisibility

Question 3

The generation of Americans born between 1946 and 1964, a period of high birthrates.

Answer 3

Baby Boomers

Question 4

The number of live births per 1,000 people in the population per calendar year.

Answer 4

Birthrate

Question 5

Term used to describe individuals or couples who choose not to have children, to distinguish those from those who are involuntarily childless.

Answer 5

Childfree

Question 6

A condition in which children weigh less than they should for their age.

Answer 6

Child wasting

Question 7

A condition in which a child is shorter than is typical for their age.

Answer 7

Child Stunting

Question 8

Government or institutional policies that dictate how many children people should have by restricting access to resources.

Answer 8

Coercive family planning policies

Question 9

A retirement plan in which retirees receive a specified annual amount until their death, typically calculated on the basis of their highest salary and the number of years they have worked for the employer.

Answer 9

Defined benefit plan

Question 10

A retirement plan in which workers contribute money to 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts (IRAs), without any guarantee of what their future benefits will be. Employers may match worker’s contributions up to a certain percentage of income.

Answer 10

Defined contribution plan

Question 11

A theory that attributes population growth patterns to changes in birthrates and death rates associated with the process of industrialization.

Answer 11

Demographic transition theory

Question 12

The ratio of working-age adults (15 to 64) to adults aged 65 and older in a population.

Answer 12

Elderly support ratio

Question 13

The movement of people out of one country or region to another.

Answer 13

Emigration

Question 14

The demands that humanity makes on the earth’s natural resources.

Answer 14

Environmental footprint

Question 15

A situation in which people lack secure access to sufficient safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development and an active life.

Answer 15

Food insecure

Question 16

The branch of medical care focused on health care for the elderly.

Answer 16

Geriatrics

Question 17

A measure of hunger in a country that takes into account four indicators related to hunger: undernourishment, child wasting, child stunting, and child mortality.

Answer 17

Global Hunger Index

Question 18

A measure of the economic productivity of a country; the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.

Answer 18

Gross domestic product

Question 19

The movement of people into a country or region from another.

Answer 19

Immigration

Question 20

The number of deaths among children in the first year of life per 1,000 live births in a calendar year.

Answer 20

Infant mortality rate

Question 21

The movement of people from one country or region to another; includes immigration and emigration.

Answer 21

Migration

Question 22

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in the population per calendar year; sometimes referred to as the death rate.

Answer 22

Mortality rate

Question 23

Continued population growth as a result of past high fertility rates that have resulted in a large number of young women who are currently entering their childbearing years.

Answer 23

Population momentum

Question 24

The number of people added to the population in a year (e.g., births−deaths).

Answer 24

Population growth rate

Question 25

A graph of a country’s or region’s population that represents the number of males and females in each age group with a bar.

Answer 25

Population pyramid

Question 26

A cultural value that promotes having children.

Answer 26

Pronatalism

Question 27

The level of fertility at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next; currently, the number is 2.1 births per woman.

Answer 27

Replacement-level fertility

Question 28

A generation of people who care for their aging parents while also taking care of their own children.

Answer 28

Sandwich generation

Question 29

Also called “Old Age, Survivors, Disability, and Health Insurance,” a federal program that protects against loss of income due to retirement, disability, or death.

Answer 29

Social Security

Question 30

The average lifetime number of births per woman in a population.

Answer 30

Total fertility rates

Question 31

Having a caloric intake that is insufficient to meet minimum energy requirements.

Answer 31

Undernourishment

Question 32

Underrepresentation of older adults in the media or representation in prejudiced or stereotypical ways.

Answer 32

Visual ageism

Question 33

A theory arguing that wealth and power are divided unequally among the core countries, periphery countries, and semi-periphery countries in the world.

Answer 33

World System Theory