CH 11: Sexual Orientation and the Struggle for Equality Flashcards
The emotional, cognitive, and sexual attraction to members of both sexes.
Bisexuality
A U.S. Supreme Court decision that held that discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity violates Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia
Refers to a person whose gender identity is consistent with his or her birth sex.
Cisgender
A form of oppression that refers to a belief system that gives power and privilege to those whose gender identities align with their assigned birth sex, while subordinating gender variant people
Cisgenderism
The ongoing process whereby a lesbian, gay, or bisexual individual becomes aware of his or her sexuality, accepts and incorporates it into his or her overall sense of self with others such as family, friends, and coworkers.
Coming out
The idea that contact between groups is necessary for the reduction of prejudice.
Contact hypothesis
A method of “conversion” most often used on gay and bisexual women, and transgender men. The perpetrators are usually straight cisgender men
Corrective rape
Federal legislation stating that marriage is a legal union between one man and one woman and denies federal recognition of same-sex marriage.
Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)
Actions or practices that result in differential treatment of categories of individuals.
Discrimination
An amendment to the RFRA that would ensure that it was not used to sidestep federal nondiscrimination laws and that, if so, such behaviors would be unlawful.
Do No Harm Act
An act that would amend the 1964 Civil Rights Act by replacing the word “sex” with the phrase “sex (including sexual orientation and gender identity).”
Equality Act
Federal legislation that, if passed, would remove obstacles to non-heterosexual individuals or couples providing homes for adoption or foster care by prohibiting public child welfare agencies from discriminating on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity, or marital status.
Every Child Deserves a Family Act (ECDFA)
An act, if passed, that would prohibit the government from imposing penalties for discriminating against married same-sex couples if it is demonstrated that the individual or organization held a “religious belief or moral conviction” against such marriages.
First Amendment Defense Act
A term referring to women or men who are emotionally, cognitively, and sexually attracted to individuals of the same sex.
Gay
Often used synonymously with transgender (and sometimes called gender variant), displays of gender that are inconsistent with society’s expectations.
Gender nonconforming
The cultural presumption that heterosexuality is the norm whereby other orientations, by default, become abnormal and something to change.
Heteronormativity
A form of oppression that refers to a belief system that gives power and privilege to heterosexuals, while depriving, oppressing, stigmatizing, and devaluing people who are not heterosexual.
Heterosexism
The predominance of emotional, cognitive, and sexual attraction to individuals of the opposite sex.
Heterosexuality
Broadly defined as the hate or fear of or prejudice toward homosexuals.
Homophobia
A model that predicts that the legalization of same-sex marriages signifies approval of LGBT behaviors and therefore should reduce LGBT hate-motivated crimes.
Legitimacy hypothesis
A term referring to women who are emotionally, cognitively, and sexually attracted to women.
Lesbian
Collectively, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning or “queer,” and/or intersexed individuals.
LGBT, LGBTQ, and LGBTQI
The status that is considered the most significant in a person’s social identity.
Master status
This law expands the original 1969 federal hate crimes law to cover hate crimes based on actual or perceived sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, and disability.
Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act (HCPA)
The 2015 U.S. Supreme Court decision that legalized same-sex marriage in the United States.
Obergefell v. Hodges
The use of power to create inequality and limit access to resources, which impedes the physical and/or emotional well-being of individuals or groups of people
Oppression
Anyone whose sexual orientation is not limited by their partner’s birth sex, gender, or gender identity, the prefix “pan” meaning all.
Pansexual
A model that argues that the legalization of same-sex marriages solidifies respective group member’s beliefs—i.e., those who approve of same-sex marriage and those who disapprove of same-sex marriage—and creates a greater gulf between the two.
Polarization hypothesis
Negative attitudes and feelings toward or about an entire category of people.
Prejudice
When a group has a special advantage or benefits as a result of cultural, economic, societal, legal, and political factors.
Privileged
Although originally a pejorative term for gay men and women, the term has been reclaimed by the LGBTQ community to mean anyone who is not heterosexual or cisgender.
Queer
Laws that protect business owners who discriminate against customers (e.g., gay men and women) based on religious grounds.
Religious freedom laws
An act stating that the “government shall not substantially burden a person’s exercise of religion” (RFRA 1993).
Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA)
It refers to a person’s emotional and sexual attractions, relationships, self-identity, and behavior.
Sexual orientation
Collectively refers to reparative, conversion, and reorientation therapies.
Sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE)
In 1969, patrons of this now historic Greenwich Village gay bar fought back against police brutality; often thought to be the beginning of the gay rights movement.
Stonewall Uprising
