Ch:1 Thinking and social problems

Question 1

Status that society assigns to an individual on the basis of factors over which the individual has some control.

Answer 1

Achieved status

Question 2

A sense of powerlessness and meaninglessness in people’s lives.

Answer 2

Alienation

Question 3

A state of normlessness in which norms and values are weak or unclear.

Answer 3

Anomie

Question 4

A status that society assigns to an individual on the basis of factors over which the individual has no control.

Answer 4

Ascribed status

Question 5

Definitions and explanations about what is assumed to be true.

Answer 5

Beliefs

Question 6

The meanings and ways of life that characterize a society, including beliefs, values, norms, sanctions, and symbols.

Answer 6

Culture

Question 7

The variable that researchers want to explain; that is, it is the variable of interest.

Answer 7

Dependent variable

Question 8

Manipulating the independent variable to determine how it affects the dependent variable. Experiments require one or more experimental groups that are exposed to the experimental treatment(s) and a control group that is not exposed.

Answer 8

Experiments

Question 9

Observing and studying social behavior in settings in which it occurs naturally.

Answer 9

Field research

Question 10

The growing economic, cultural, and technological interdependence between countries and regions

Answer 10

Globalization

Question 11

A prediction or educated guess about how one variable is related to another variable.

Answer 11

Hypothesis

Question 12

The variable that is expected to explain change in the dependent variable.

Answer 12

Independent variable

Question 13

An established and enduring pattern of social relationships.

Answer 13

Institution

Question 14

Consequences that are unintended and often hidden.

Answer 14

Latent functions

Question 15

Consequences that are intended and commonly recognized.

Answer 15

Manifest functions

Question 16

Socially defined rules of behavior, including folkways, laws, and mores.

Answer 16

Norms

Question 17

Awareness of social conditions through one’s own life experiences, through the media, and through education.

Answer 17

Objective element of a social Problem

Question 18

Usually small numbers of individuals characterized by intimate and informal interaction.

Answer 18

Primary groups

Question 19

Supporters of a political party are entrenched in their party’s policies, with little to no motivation to compromise with opposing political views.

Answer 19

Political partisanship

Question 20

Emphasize “the people” rather than the “government elite” and their political parties, tend to be conservative, right to far-right leaning, anti-immigrant, nationalistic, and anti-globalist.

Answer 20

Populist movement

Question 21

The set of rights, obligations, and expectations associated with a status.

Answer 21

Roles

Question 22

A portion of the population, selected to be representative so that the information from the sample can be generalized to a larger population.

Answer 22

Sample

Question 23

Social consequences for conforming to or violating norms.

Answer 23

Sanctions

Question 24

Involving small or large numbers of individuals, groups that are task oriented and are characterized by impersonal and formal interaction.

Answer 24

Secondary groups

Question 25

Two or more people who have a common identity, interact, and form a social relationship.

Answer 25

Social group