CH 10: Gender Inequality

Question 1

A broad range of policies and practices in the workplace and educational institutions to promote equal opportunity as well as diversity.

Answer 1

Affirmative action

Question 2

Having both traditionally defined feminine and masculine characteristics.

Answer 2

Androgyny

Question 3

The practice of explaining the same behavior(s) of females and males using different explanations.

Answer 3

Attributional Gender Bias

Question 4

A set of societal expectations that discourages males from expressing emotion, weakness, or vulnerability, or asking for help.

Answer 4

Boy code

Question 5

An individual whose sense of gender identity is consistent with his or her birth sex.

Answer 5

Cisgender

Question 6

The ways in which the culture of society perpetuates the subordination of an individual or group based on the sex classification of that individual or group.

Answer 6

Cultural sexism

Question 7

The hypothesis that women are paid less because the work they perform is socially defined as less valuable than the work men perform.

Answer 7

Devaluation hypothesis

Question 8

The killing of a woman by her husband or in-laws when she or her family are unable to give money or valuables to her husband’s parents.

Answer 8

Dowry Killings

Question 9

The associated benefits of educating women including, for example, reducing the mortality rate of children under 5 years old.

Answer 9

Education dividend

Question 10

Work that involves caring for, negotiating, and empathizing with people.

Answer 10

Emotion work

Question 11

The proposed Twenty-eighth Amendment to the Constitution, which states that “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state, on account of sex.”

Answer 11

Equal rights amendment (ERA)

Question 12

Roles into which women are traditionally socialized (i.e., nurturing and emotionally supportive roles).

Answer 12

Expressive roles

Question 13

The killing of women and girls targeted because of their gender.

Answer 13

Femicide

Question 14

The false belief that women can only be fulfilled by domestic life.

Answer 14

Feminine mystique

Question 15

The belief that men and women should have equal rights and responsibilities.

Answer 15

Feminism

Question 16

Patterns of socially defined behaviors and expectations associated with being female or male.

Answer 16

Gender roles

Question 17

The societal definitions and expectations associated with being female or male.

Answer 17

Gender

Question 18

The tendency to overconform to gender norms after an act(s) of gender deviance; a method of neutralization.

Answer 18

Gender deviance hypothesis

Question 19

The way in which a person presents her- or himself as a gendered individual (i.e., masculine, feminine, or androgynous) in society. A person could, for example, have a gender identity as male but present their gender as female.

Answer 19

Gender expression

Question 20

Any harm that is perpetrated against a person because of power inequalities based on gender roles.

Answer 20

Gender based violence

Question 21

An invisible barrier that prevents women and other minorities from moving into top corporate positions.

Answer 21

Glass ceiling

Question 22

The tendency for men seeking or working in traditionally female occupations to benefit from their minority status.

Answer 22

Glass escalator effect

Question 23

Murders, often public, as a result of a female dishonoring, or being perceived to have dishonored, her family or community.

Answer 23

Honor killings

Question 24

The hypothesis that pay differences between females and males are a function of differences in women’s and men’s levels of education, skills, training, and work experience.

Answer 24

Human capital hypothesis

Question 25

Roles into which men are traditionally socialized (i.e., task-oriented roles).

Answer 25

Instrumental roles

Question 26

The thesis that men have a tendency to act out in an exaggerated male role when believing their masculinity is threatened. * Misogyny: Hatred of women.

Answer 26

Masculine overcompensation thesis

Question 27

The tendency for women with children, particularly young children, to be disadvantaged in hiring, wages, and the like, compared to women without children.

Answer 27

Motherhood penalty

Question 28

The concentration of women in certain occupations and men in other occupations.

Answer 28

Occupational sex segregation

Question 29

Activism that entails the use of social media to embrace a particular social or political issue

Answer 29

Online activism

Question 30

The household work and child care that employed parents (usually women) do when they return home from their jobs.

Answer 30

Second shift

Question 31

A person’s biological classification as male or female.

Answer 31

Sex

Question 32

The belief that innate psychological, behavioral, and/or intellectual differences exist between women and men and that these differences connote the superiority of one group and the inferiority of the other.

Answer 32

Sexism

Question 33

It is a form of sex discrimination that violates Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

Answer 33

Sexual harassment

Question 34

The ways in which the organization of society, and specifically its institutions, subordinate individuals and groups based on their sex classification.

Answer 34

Structural sexism

Question 35

Choices that are limited by the structure of society.

Answer 35

Structured choice

Question 36

An extreme form of aggression, violence, and misogyny, socially induced and culturally specific.

Answer 36

Toxic masculinity

Question 37

A person whose sense of gender identity is inconsistent with his or her birth (sometimes called chromosomal) sex (male or female).

Answer 37

Transgender individual