Ch. 12: Exodontics (Extractions)

Question 1

Which instrument should be used to cut the periodontal ligament and expand the alveolus during an extraction procedure?
A. Luxator
B. Elevator
C. Scalpel blade
D. Periosteal elevator

Answer 1

A. Luxator

Question 2

What is the main objective of veterinary dentistry?

Answer 2

Save teeth but this isn’t always possible or the best

Question 3

What is the branch of dentistry that involves the extraction of teeth?

Answer 3

Exodontics (exotondita)

Question 4

When is exodontics indicated?

Answer 4

When the tooth can’t be salvaged or the client is unable or unwilling to perform home care

Question 5

What is a major thing that clients and staff should always be aware of with extractions?

Answer 5

Extraction is FINAL

Question 6

What blood analysis tests should be performed prior to extractions?

Answer 6

CBC and platelet analysis

Question 7

What are the four main instruments needed for extractions?

Answer 7

Luxators, Elevators, Root tip picks, and Periosteal elevators

Question 8

What is the alveolus?

Answer 8

The tooth socket

Question 9

Luxators can also be used for elevation or for leverage.

True or False?

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Luxators have thin flat blades (or can be curved) while elevators have curved thicker blades.

True or False?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

How are root tips characterized?

Answer 11

Root tip picks are thin and pointed for retrieving root fragments

Question 12

What are the types of fine elevators?

Answer 12

301, 301S, and 301SS

Question 13

What is a feature of elevators that is done to prevent the instrument from sliding off alveolar crests?

Answer 13

Notched elevators, creating a fork (back of instrument is notched)

Question 14

301SS is bigger then 301S.

True or False?

Answer 14

False; 301SS is smaller

Question 15

Fine type elevators are best used for what teeth?

Answer 15

Feline teeth and the 301S are effective for primary canine teeth in dogs and premolars in cats

Question 16

Because extractions are not considered sterile procedures, why do instruments still need to be sterilized?

Answer 16

It is unnecessary to introduce new/different bacterial from unsterilized instruments into the already bacteria-filled mouth

Question 17

301 fine elevators can be used to elevate what teeth?

Answer 17

Canine teeth in cats and incisors and premolars in dogs

Question 18

What kind of instrument is the Heidbrink?

Answer 18

Root tip pick

Question 19

What are periosteal elevators?

Answer 19

Instruments used to elevate the gingiva and periosteum from the bone

Question 20

What is a Vet-Tome?

Answer 20

A periotome with a foot pedal

Question 21

What is a vet-tome used for?

Answer 21

Cuts the periodontal ligament similar to a luxator

Question 22

Why might a vet-tome not work for PDLs (Periodontal Ligaments) that are mineralized?

Answer 22

Because it will not go through bone and hard tissues

Question 23

Elevators need to be sharpened.

True or False?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What can be used to sharpen elevators?

Answer 24

A flat stone or Rx Honing Machine

Question 25

How are elevators sharpened?

Answer 25

The bevel side is placed on the stone and sharpened in a back-and-forth motion in rotation movement

Question 26

What are the two ways a tooth can be removed from the socket?

Answer 26

Force technique or stretching and tearing the periodontal ligament fibers

Question 27

What motion should be used for extration?

Answer 27

A rotational motion rather than a “seesaw” motion

Question 28

What teeth in canines are single-rooted?

Answer 28

Incisors, canines, first premolars, and mandibular third molar

Question 29

What teeth in felines are single-rooted?

Answer 29

Incisors, canines, and maxillary second premolar

Question 30

What is the first step in tooth extraction?

Answer 30

To sever the gingival attachment

Question 31

Plenty of water should be used during gingival attachment severing otherwise what can occur?

Answer 31

Bone necrosis

Question 32

How is the instrument positioned when using a vertical rotation method?

Answer 32

The elevator is used parallel to the root

Question 33

How is the instrument positioned when using a horizontal rotation method?

Answer 33

The elevator is placed perpendicular to the crown and tooth root

Question 34

What size suture is used to suture the gingiva after the tooth has been extracted?

Answer 34

3-0 or 4-0 (Preferably Monocryl)

Question 35

What is the most common suture pattern used for gingiva sutures?

Answer 35

Simple interrupted

Question 36

All premolars, except for which premolars should be split by using a high-speed bur to cut between the furcation and the tip of the crown?

Answer 36

The first (one root) and the maxillary fourth premolar

Question 37

Which tooth should be separated between the furcations and the crown of each of the roots?

Answer 37

The maxillary fourth premolars

Question 38

In dogs, when doing extractions, a T-shaped cut should be made on which teeth?

Answer 38

Maxillary first and second molars

Question 39

What are complications of tooth extractions?

Answer 39

Trauma from teeth at extraction, hemorrhage, and instrument slippage

Question 40

Extractions can lead to what complication?

Answer 40

Lip and tongue biting

Question 41

What products can be used to control hemorrhage?

Answer 41

HemaBlock, Gelfoam, Vetigel, and Vetspon

Question 42

What does the “shortstop grip” refer to?

Answer 42

Holding an instrument as close to the tip as possible so that if there is slippage, the finger will act as a stop

Question 43

What may be necessary to extract root fragments that have ended up in the mandibular canal?

Answer 43

Surgical flap