Ch. 12: Exodontics (Extractions) Flashcards
Which instrument should be used to cut the periodontal ligament and expand the alveolus during an extraction procedure?
A. Luxator
B. Elevator
C. Scalpel blade
D. Periosteal elevator
A. Luxator
What is the main objective of veterinary dentistry?
Save teeth but this isn’t always possible or the best
What is the branch of dentistry that involves the extraction of teeth?
Exodontics (exotondita)
When is exodontics indicated?
When the tooth can’t be salvaged or the client is unable or unwilling to perform home care
What is a major thing that clients and staff should always be aware of with extractions?
Extraction is FINAL
What blood analysis tests should be performed prior to extractions?
CBC and platelet analysis
What are the four main instruments needed for extractions?
Luxators, Elevators, Root tip picks, and Periosteal elevators
What is the alveolus?
The tooth socket
Luxators can also be used for elevation or for leverage.
True or False?
False
Luxators have thin flat blades (or can be curved) while elevators have curved thicker blades.
True or False?
True
How are root tips characterized?
Root tip picks are thin and pointed for retrieving root fragments
What are the types of fine elevators?
301, 301S, and 301SS
What is a feature of elevators that is done to prevent the instrument from sliding off alveolar crests?
Notched elevators, creating a fork (back of instrument is notched)
301SS is bigger then 301S.
True or False?
False; 301SS is smaller
Fine type elevators are best used for what teeth?
Feline teeth and the 301S are effective for primary canine teeth in dogs and premolars in cats
Because extractions are not considered sterile procedures, why do instruments still need to be sterilized?
It is unnecessary to introduce new/different bacterial from unsterilized instruments into the already bacteria-filled mouth
301 fine elevators can be used to elevate what teeth?
Canine teeth in cats and incisors and premolars in dogs
What kind of instrument is the Heidbrink?
Root tip pick
What are periosteal elevators?
Instruments used to elevate the gingiva and periosteum from the bone
What is a Vet-Tome?
A periotome with a foot pedal
What is a vet-tome used for?
Cuts the periodontal ligament similar to a luxator
Why might a vet-tome not work for PDLs (Periodontal Ligaments) that are mineralized?
Because it will not go through bone and hard tissues
Elevators need to be sharpened.
True or False?
True
What can be used to sharpen elevators?
A flat stone or Rx Honing Machine
How are elevators sharpened?
The bevel side is placed on the stone and sharpened in a back-and-forth motion in rotation movement
What are the two ways a tooth can be removed from the socket?
Force technique or stretching and tearing the periodontal ligament fibers
What motion should be used for extration?
A rotational motion rather than a “seesaw” motion
What teeth in canines are single-rooted?
Incisors, canines, first premolars, and mandibular third molar
What teeth in felines are single-rooted?
Incisors, canines, and maxillary second premolar
What is the first step in tooth extraction?
To sever the gingival attachment
Plenty of water should be used during gingival attachment severing otherwise what can occur?
Bone necrosis
How is the instrument positioned when using a vertical rotation method?
The elevator is used parallel to the root
How is the instrument positioned when using a horizontal rotation method?
The elevator is placed perpendicular to the crown and tooth root
What size suture is used to suture the gingiva after the tooth has been extracted?
3-0 or 4-0 (Preferably Monocryl)
What is the most common suture pattern used for gingiva sutures?
Simple interrupted
All premolars, except for which premolars should be split by using a high-speed bur to cut between the furcation and the tip of the crown?
The first (one root) and the maxillary fourth premolar
Which tooth should be separated between the furcations and the crown of each of the roots?
The maxillary fourth premolars
In dogs, when doing extractions, a T-shaped cut should be made on which teeth?
Maxillary first and second molars
What are complications of tooth extractions?
Trauma from teeth at extraction, hemorrhage, and instrument slippage
Extractions can lead to what complication?
Lip and tongue biting
What products can be used to control hemorrhage?
HemaBlock, Gelfoam, Vetigel, and Vetspon
What does the “shortstop grip” refer to?
Holding an instrument as close to the tip as possible so that if there is slippage, the finger will act as a stop
What may be necessary to extract root fragments that have ended up in the mandibular canal?
Surgical flap
