Ch. 1: Intro To Dentistry Flashcards
How does the American Veterinary Dental College define dentistry?
A discipline within the scope of Veterinary practice that involves the professional consultation, evaluation, diagnosis, prevention, treatment of conditions, diseases and disorders of the oral cavity and maxillofacial area
Mesatic definition
Medium
What is the most common head type of dogs and cats?
Mesaticephalic
Which breeds are examples of mesaticephalic head types?
Poodles, corgis, German shepherds, labs, and DSH
Brachy definition
Short
What does the brachycephalic head type result in with relation to the teeth?
Crowded and rotated premolar teeth which can lead to periodontal disease
What breeds are examples of the brachycephalic head type?
Boxers, pugs, bulldogs, and Persian cats
Dolicho definition
Long
What breeds are examples of the dolichocephalic head types?
Collies, greyhounds, borzois, and seal point Siamese cats
What is the upper jaw called?
Maxilla
Which bones hold the maxilla teeth in place?
Incisal and maxillary
The roof of the mouth is composed of what?
The hard and soft palate
What are the irregular ridges of the hard palate called?
Rugae palatinae
Where is the incisive papilla located?
Behind the central incisors
The nasopalatine ducts communicate with the vemeronasal, which connects to the dogs amygdala, the part of the brain that plays a big role in emotional reactions. What does this allow animals to do? 
To respond emotionally to molecules, such as pheromones, which travel up the incisive canal
What does the soft palate separate?
The oral cavity from the pharynx
What is the area in which the two jaws join in the back of the oral cavity?
The lateral palatine fold
What is the lower jaw called?
Mandible
What connects the maxilla and the mandible?
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
Where are the two mandibles fused together?
The mandibular symphysis
Sublingual definition
The structures and surfaces beneath the tongue
Is it usual for dogs and cats to have slightly mobile mandibular symphysis?
Yes
Where does the oral mucosa end?
At the lips
What is the vestibule?
The area between the teeth/gingiva and cheek
How many teeth does a puppy have compared to an adult dog?
Puppy: 28
Adult: 42
How many teeth does a kitten have compared to an adult cat?
Kitten: 26
Adult: 30
What 3 parts is the tooth divided into?
The crown, neck, and root
What is the tip of the crown known as?
Cusp
Enamel is the hardest substance in the body.
True or False?
True
Enamel is produced by what cells?
Ameloblasts
What is the indentation/neck of the tooth called?
Cementoenamel Junction (The area where cementum and enamel meet)
Underneath the gum line is called what?
The root
What is the deepest part of the root known as?
The apex
Blood vessels and nerves enter the tooth through which 2 routes?
-Small channels called apical delta
-Large canals called apical foramen
Dentine/dentin is produced by what?
Odontoblasts
What are odontoblasts?
Cells that line the pulp chamber
What is the pulp divided into?
Pulp chamber and root canal
What is the pulp chamber?
Space within the crown of a tooth
What is the root canal?
The space within the root of the tooth. The portion of the pulp chamber below the gum line
Attached gingiva is made up of epithelial tissue. Gingiva is able to withstand the forces of chewing. This is because of a process called what?
Keratinization
Sulcus definition
Area between the free gingiva and the tooth
What is the attachment apparatus composed of?
The structures that support the tooth
What is the tooth held in place in the alveolus or socket by?
Periodontal ligament
What tissue comprises the majority of tooth volume?
Dentin
Teeth are composed of bone.
True or False?
False. Teeth are composed of four dental tissues. Three of them—enamel, dentin and cementum—are hard tissues. The fourth tissue—pulp, or the center of the tooth that contains nerves, blood vessels and connective tissue—is a soft, or non-calcified, tissue
The misconception that teeth are the same as boon can be due to the fact that they both contain calcium
What attaches the periodontal ligament to the tooth?
Cementum
What is the bone of the upper and lower jaw?
The alveolar bone
What are baby teeth called?
Deciduous teeth
What is the dental formula for a puppy?
2 X (3/3i, 1/1c, 3/3p) = 28 total
What is the dental formula for an adult dog?
2 X (3/3i, 1/1c, 4/4p, 2/3m) = 42 total
What is the dental formula for a kitten?
2 X (3/3i, 1/1c, 3/2p) = 26 total
What is the dental formula for an adult cat?
2 X (3/3i, 1/1c, 3/2p, 1/1m)= 30 total
Deciduous teeth erupt within how many weeks of age?
3-6 weeks
What are the approximate ages of eruption with incisors, canines, and premolars in puppies and kittens?
Incisors- Dog: 4-6 weeks Cat: 3-4 weeks
Canines- Dog: 3-5 weeks Cat: 3-4 weeks
Premolars- Dog and cats: 5-6 weeks
What are the approximate ages of eruption with all 4 types of teeth in adult dogs and cats?
Incisors- Dog: 12-16 weeks Cat: 11-16 weeks
Canines- Dog: 12-16 weeks Cat: 12-20 weeks
Premolars- Dogs and cats: 16-20 weeks
Molars- Dog: 16-24 weeks Cat: 20-24 weeks
Tooth number 311 and 411 in the adult dog has how many roots?
1 root
What does the term occlusal mean?
How the teeth fit/line up together
What is the rule of 4 and 9?
The canine is always 04 and the first molar is always 09
Which teeth in the adult dog are 1 rooted?
Incisors, Canines, First Premolar (05), and Mandibular third molar (311 & 411)
Which teeth in the adult dog are 2 rooted?
Maxillary 2nd and 3rd premolars (106, 107, 206 & 207), mandibular 2nd, 3rd, and 4th premolars (306-308 & 406-308) and the mandibular 1st and 2nd molars (309, 310, 409 & 410)
Which teeth in the adult dog are 3 rooted?
Maxillary 4th premolar (108 & 208) and the maxillary 1st and 2nd molars (109, 110, 209 & 210)
Which teeth in the adult cat are 1 rooted?
Incisors, Canines, and maxillary 2nd premolar (106; 105 is missing)
Which teeth in the adult cat are 2 rooted?
Maxillary 3rd premolars (107 & 207), mandibular 3rd & 4th premolars (307, 308, 407 & 408), and mandibular 1st molar (309 & 409)
Which teeth in the adult cat are 3 rooted?
Maxillary 4th premolar (108 & 208)
Using the Triadan numbering system, the fourth premolar on the left side of the maxilla in a dog is what tooth?
208
What are the incisors used for?
Gnawing and grooming
What are the canines used for?
Holding and tearing
What are the premolars used for?
Cutting and breaking up food, resembles pinking shears
What are the molars used for?
Grinding
What is the furcation known as in two and three-rooted teeth?
Bifurcation and trifurcation
What is the reference point for anatomic terms in the mouth?
The teeth
What do “line angles” represent and what is an example?
The corners of the tooth. An example is where the mesial and the buccal surfaces meet (4 corners total)
Humans have a sectorial occlusion while dogs have a true occlusion.
True or False?
False
Do dogs and cats chew on the flat surfaces of their teeth or on the sides of the teeth?
On the sides
In the human nomenclature system, which tooth starts as #1?
The upper right third molar
What teeth do cats not have?
Right or left maxillary first premolars and right or left mandibular first and second premolars
Primary molars do not exist.
True or False?
True; primary teeth represent deciduous teeth (Neonats don’t have any molars)
The letter U and the letter L represent what in a dental invoice?
U = Upper teeth
L = Lower teeth
In a dental estimate, what would RCULC represent?
Root canal of the upper left canine
In a dental estimate, what would DXLP4 represent?
Dental extraction of the lower fourth premolar
What are the two systems used to identify teeth in veterinary medicine?
Anatomic and Triadan
