Ch. 11: Intraoral Imaging Flashcards
What is an impacted tooth?
An unerupted or partially erupted tooth that is prevented from erupting further by any structure
What is edentulous?
Absence of teeth
What is a dilaceration?
An abnormally shaped root resulting from trauma during tooth development
What is an embedded tooth?
A tooth that remains covered in bone, and has not erupted into the oral cavity and is not likely to erupt
What are the indications for dental radiography?
Unerupted or impacted teeth, periodontal disease, endodontics, exodontics, and for routine dental procedures
What is a contraindication with dental radiography?
It is contraindicated in critical patients that may have difficulty undergoing anesthesia
Which kind of dental x-ray machine is not recommended?
Stationary radiographic machines
There are two types of current that can be input into dental x-ray machine heads.
What are they?
- Alternating current (AC)
- Direct current (DC)
An AC unit is used with less kV than a DC unit.
True or False?
False; it is the opposite
What are the 3 types of dental x-ray machines?
Wall mounted, stands, and handheld
What are the layers of an intraoral radiographic film?
Plastic coating, paper, film, paper, lead, and paper
What are the different sizes of radiographic film?
Size 2 (most common, aka periapical film, used for small patients), size 4 (aka occlusal film, used for larger patients, and size 0 (used for cats)
What does DVDR stand for?
Digital Veterinary Dental Radiology
What are the two basic components of DVDR?
- Dental x-ray machine
- Digital x-ray system
What is digital radiology (DR)?
A digital x-ray system that uses a sensor to capture the image
What is indirect or computerized radiology (CR)?
A digital x-ray system that has a phosphorous plate and a processing unit
When in practice, what tools can you use to position the sensor of the x-ray machine intraorally?
A clean washcloth, laparotomy pad, or gauze
What is the parallel radiographic technique used for?
Indicated to evaluate the caudal mandibular teeth and nasal cavity. This technique can’t be used in other areas of the mouth
Which teeth is the bisecting-angle technique used on?
Used everywhere except in the caudal mandible/on teeth where the parallel technique can’t be used
Elongation (tooth root is elongated) occurs by doing what?
Aiming your x-ray beam at the tooth
Foreshortening (tooth root is shortened) occurs by doing what?
Aiming your x-ray beam at the film
Where is the film placed for a maxillary caudal radiograph?
Across the maxilla, parallel to the hard palate (the same is done for maxillary rostral radiographs)
Where is the film placed for a mandibular rostral radiograph?
Parallel to the mandible
What are the 6 views in a complete radiographic study?
Right and left posterior maxilla and mandible, anterior maxilla, and anterior mandible
Which tooth would require a parallel technique for a diagnostic x-ray?
A. 104
B. 208
C. 309
D. 404
C. 309
Which teeth have 3 roots?
Maxilla: The fourth premolars (108, 208) and first and second molars (109, 110, 209, 210) have 3 roots
What does SLOB stand for and what is its purpose?
Same Lingual, Opposite Buccal. This describes what to do when the mesiobuccal and palatal roots of the maxillary fourth premolars are lining up together
It is often difficult to get the sensor back far enough into the mouth to reach the maxillary second molar.
What are troubleshooting techniques to obtain dental radiographs on this tooth?
- Place sensor as far back as possible
- Move tube head further caudal and aim rostral
(The same is true for mandibular third molars)
What is the extraoral technique?
Due to zygomatic arch obscuring the roots of the third and fourth premolar in cats; the extraoral technique is used by placing the sensor on the table and the patient’s head on top of it
What is the almost parallel technique?
Due to zygomatic arch obscuring the roots of the third and fourth premolar in cats; the almost parallel technique is used by placing the sensor on the opposite side of the mouth
What is the proper technique for film development/processing?
Put in water for 5 seconds, film is placed in the developer and gently agitated, dip in water again 5 times, film is placed in fixer for about twice the amount of time that it was in the developer, and the final rinse is a minimum of 10 minutes in water
When experiencing film developing complications, what does it mean when your film is clear?
The film has not been exposed to x-ray beams
Why may film have a brown or green tint?
If the film is not rinsed sufficiently, it will turn brown or green with age
It is okay to pour film processing solutions down the drain.
True or False?
False
What are the 4 basic rules for radiographic errors that need to be retaken?
- Make sure you are aiming at the subject and sensor
- Don’t take a radiograph of air
- If elongated image—aim at sensor
- If foreshortened image—aim at tooth
An x-ray shows very short roots and does not allow for visualization of the furcation area. What should be done to correct the image?
A. Move the tube head caudal
B. Aim the tube head at the sensor
C. Move the tube head rostral
D. Aim the tube head at the tooth
D
The important landmarks that should be recognized and evaluated on a dental radiograph include what?
Enamel, Dentin, Pulp chamber, periodontal ligament space, and alveolar bone
In a normal young patient, the dentinal wall is thin and the pulp chamber is large.
True or False?
True; it is opposite for an adult
As the tooth develops, odontoblasts that line the pulp chamber produce dentin
The dense cortical alveolar bone forming the wall of the socket appears radiographically as a distinct, opaque, uninterrupted, white line parallel to the tooth root. What is this line known as?
Lamina Dura
The radiolucent image between the lamina dura and tooth is the periodontal space. What is this known as?
Lamina Lucida; occupied by the periodontal ligament
Radiographic signs of periodontal disease include rounding and loss of what?
The alveolar crest in the interproximal space (space between two teeth)
What are the signs of endodontic disease seen on an x-ray?
Lucency around the apex of the tooth root, resorption of the tooth root internally or externally, and fractures above or below the gumline
What is apical periodontitis?
An inflammatory process of the periapical tissues in response to endodontic infection
What are the radiographic signs of neoplasia?
Proliferation of bone, missing bone, and/or displacement of teeth
What does CBCT stand for?
Cone Beam Computed Tomography
How long does it take to obtain a CBT image?
20-30 seconds
