Ch. 12 - Emotional and Motivated Behaviour (FINAL)

Question 1

emotions

Answer 1

cognitive interpretations of experience
anatomy involved: hypothalamus, limbic system, frontal lobe

Question 2

motivated behaviour

Answer 2

purposeful and goal directed
we do things that are rewarding; it is not free will that motivates us

Question 3

innate and learned behaviour

Answer 3

IRMS (innate releasing mechanism)
- prewired in brain, genetic

environmental learning
- SKINNER
- associated learning is classical conditioning
- positive and negative reinforcers strengthen behavioural responses

Question 4

preparedness

Answer 4

likelihood to respond to certain stimuli over others

Question 5

neuroanatomy of behaviour: hypothalamus

Answer 5

contains pit gland(s):
- anterior (produces hormones)
- posterior (distributes hormones)

feedback loop
1. hypothalamus
2. ant. pit.
3. target organs
4. a) back to hypothalamus
4. b) hormones

Question 6

neuroanatomy: medial forebrain bundle (tract and purpose)

Answer 6

tract that connects HYPOTHALAMUS to BRAINSTEM
involves DOPAMINE
stems from the VTA
controls both pathological (impulse and addiction) and motivated (sex, eating, mesolimbic pathway) behaviour

Question 7

regulatory and non-regulatory behaviour

Answer 7

regulatory: survival needs and homeostatic mechanisms
non-regulatory: unnecessary behaviour

Question 8

limbic system: parts (4)

Answer 8

hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia

Question 9

limbic system: control of emotions (3 types)

Answer 9

autonomic response: visceral reaction, homeostatic action - hypothalamus
subjective feelings: anger, fear, love - amygdala and frontal lobes
cognitions: thoughts about experiences, prefrontal cortex

Question 10

limbic system: amygdala and a specific syndrome

Answer 10

involved in all emotional responses especially fear and anxiety
closely related with frontal lobe functioning

Klüver-Bucy syndrome:
- visual agnosia ad hypersexuality in patients with amygdala removal

Question 11

prefrontal cortex: professionals

Answer 11

Moniz Freeman: transorbital leukotomy, UNETHICAL

Carlyle Jacobsen: relaxation of chimps with lobotomies

Question 12

prefrontal cortex: anatomy (5 areas)

Answer 12

orbitoprefrontal cortex: impulse inhibition

dorsolateral PFC: planning/working memory

premotor cortex

motor cortex

ventromedial cortex: value assessment

Question 13

the reward system - 3 components

Answer 13

affective: pleasure experienced
learning: where you can access reward
motivation: desire/cravings

Question 14

reward system: want vs. like

Answer 14

want: dopamine, subconscious, striatum/PFC

like: opioid/endocannabinoid, conscious, the “hedonic hotspots”