ch. 12

Question 1

group

Answer 1

2 or more individuals engaged in social interaction to achieve the same goal

Question 2

team

Answer 2

interdependent workers with complementary skills working toward shared goal

Question 3

roles

Answer 3

patterns of behavior that are adapted based on expectations about the functions of a position

Question 4

role expectations

Answer 4

beliefs concerning the responsibilities and requirements of a particular role

Question 5

role differentiation

Answer 5

the process by which group members learn to perform various roles

Question 6

role ambiguity

Answer 6

a sense of uncertainty over the requirements of a particular role

Question 7

role conflict

Answer 7

conflict that results when the expectations associated with one role interfere with the expectations concerning another role

Question 8

norms

Answer 8

rules that groups adopt governing appropriate and inappropriate behavior for members

Question 9

organizational socialization

Answer 9

process by which new employees learn group roles and norms and develop specific work skills and abilities

Question 10

conformity

Answer 10

the process of adhering to group norms

Question 11

cohesiveness

Answer 11

the degree of attraction among group members

Question 12

we-they feeling

Answer 12

intragroup cohesiveness created by the existence of a common threat, which is typically another group

Question 13

group efficacy

Answer 13

a group’s shared belief that they can attain organizational outcomes

Question 14

reciprocity rule

Answer 14

the tendency for persons to pay back those to whom they are indebted for assistance

Question 15

task interdependence

Answer 15

the degree to which an individual’s task performance depends on the efforts or skills of others

Question 16

social loafing

Answer 16

the phenomenon wherby individuals working in groups exert less effort than when working alone

Question 17

competition

Answer 17

the process whereby group members are pitted against one another to achieve individual goals

Question 18

conflict

Answer 18

behavior by a person/ group intended to inhibit the attainment of goals by another person/group

Question 19

dominating (forcing)

Answer 19

a conflict resolution strategy of persisting in a conflict until one party attains personal goals at the expense of the others

Question 20

accommodation

Answer 20

a conflict resolution strategy of making a sacrifice to resolve conflict

Question 21

compromise

Answer 21

a conflict strategy in which both parties give up some part of their goals

Question 22

collaboration

Answer 22

a conflict resolution strategy in which the parties cooperate to reach a solution that satisfies both

Question 23

avoidance

Answer 23

withdrawing from or avoiding a conflict situation

Question 24

superordinate goal

Answer 24

a goal that 2 conflicting parties are willing to work to attain

Question 25

autocratic decision making

Answer 25

a process by which group decisions are made by the leader alone, based on info the leader possesses

Question 26

democratic decision making

Answer 26

a strategy by which decisions are made by the group members based on majority rule voting

Question 27

consensus

Answer 27

decision making based on 100% member agreement

Question 28

brainstorming

Answer 28

a group processing generating creative ideas or solutions through a noncritical and non-judgmental process

Question 29

groupthink

Answer 29

a syndrome characterized by a concurrence seeking tendency that overrides the ability of a cohesive group to make critical decisions

Question 30

group polarization

Answer 30

the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than those made by individuals

Question 31

self- managing work teams

Answer 31

teams that have complete responsibility for whole tasks