Ch. 11 - Demographic Transition

Question 1

This shift is known as __________ which is defined as a change from a situation of high fertility and high mortality to one of low fertility and low mortality.

Answer 1

demographic transition

Question 2

The previous total fertility rate stood at around __. This means that the average children per family before the transition were ___

Answer 2

six

Question 3

The new fertility is . This improvement in the standard of living also improved child survival rate and changed fertility preferences

Answer 3

below 2 or below

Question 4

Developing countries such as __________ experienced rapid demographic transition. In a span of a decade it recorded declining birth and death rates, Total Fertility Rate dropped from the area of 6 to 2. These changes however happened without the simultaneous socio-economic improvement experienced in developed countries. Thus, emerged a condition of large population amid economic stagnation.

Answer 4

Bangladesh

Question 5

Theories on the cause of Demographic Transition

Answer 5

1. The Rise in Average Income
2. Decline in Infant and Child Mortality
3. The Rise in Demand for Human Capital
4. The Decline in Gender Gap

Question 6

Who are the authors of New Public Health (2014)

Answer 6

Theodore H. Tulchinsky and Elena A. Varavikova

Question 7

Factors in Fertility Decline

Answer 7

• Education, especially of women.
• Decreasing infant and child mortality, reducing pressure for more children to ensure survivors.
• Economic development, improved standards of living, rising expectations and family income
  levels.
• Urbanization – family needs and resources change compared to rural society
• Birth control methods – safe, inexpensive, supply, accessibility, and knowledge.
• Government policy promoting fertility control as a health measure.
• Mass media can raise awareness of birth control, and aspiration to higher standards of living.
• Health system development and improved access to medical care.
• Changing economic status, social role, and self-image of women.
• Changing social, religious, political and ideological values.

Question 8

Factors in Increasing Longevity

Answer 8

• Increasing family income, education level and standards of living.
• Improved nutrition including improved food supply, distribution, quality, and nutritional
  knowledge.
• Control of infectious diseases.
• Reduction in non-infectious disease mortality.
• Adequacy of safe food and water, sewage and garbage disposal, adequate housing conditions. - - Disease prevention, reducing risk factors, promoting healthy lifestyle.
• Medical care services with improved access and quality.
• Health promotion and education activities of the society, community, and individual.
• Social security systems, child allowances, pensions, unemployment insurance, national health insurance.
• Improved conditions of employment and recreation, economic and social well-being.

Question 9

_____ percent of Japan’s population is 65 years old while that of the European Union countries is ______.

Answer 9

26%; 20.3%

Question 10

______ have been added to the global population since 1950.

Answer 10

Four billion