CH 11

Question 1

What’s Infancy?

Answer 1

The stage of development that begins at birth and lasts between 18 to 24 months.

Question 2

What’s the Cephalocaudal Rule?

Answer 2

The tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the head to the feet.

Question 3

What’s the Proximodistal Rule?

Answer 3

The tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the center to the periphery.

Question 4

What’s Piaget’s Cognitive Development?

Answer 4

The process by which infants and children gain the ability to think and understand.

Question 5

What’s the Sensorimotor Stage?

Answer 5

A stage of cognitive development that begins at birth and lasts through infancy. s the word sensorimotor suggests, infants at this stage are mainly busy using their ability to sense (perceptual skills) and their ability to move (motor skills) to acquire information about the world. (Birth to 2 years)

Question 6

What’s the Preoperational Stage?

Answer 6

Child acquires motor skills but does not understand conversation of physical properties. Child begins this stage by thinking egocentrically but ends with a basic understanding of their minds, (2-6 years)

Question 7

What’s the Concrete Operational Stage?

Answer 7

Child can think logically about physical objects and events and understands conversation of physical properties. (6-11 years)

Question 8

What’s Formal Operational?

Answer 8

Child can think logically about abstract propositions and hypotheticals. (11 and up)

Question 9

What’s Conservation?

Answer 9

The understanding that the quantitative properties of an object are invariant, despite changes in the object’s appearance.

Ex. Orange Juice experiment

Question 10

What’s Egocentrism?

Answer 10

The failure to understand that the world appears different to different people.

Question 11

What’s the Theory of Mind?

Answer 11

The understanding that the mind produces representation of the world and that these representation guide behavior.

Question 12

What are Schema’s?

Answer 12

Theories’ about the way the world works.

Question 13

What’s Assimilation?

Answer 13

Infants apply their schema in novel situations.

Question 14

What’s Accomodation?

Answer 14

When infants revise their schema in light of new information.

Question 15

What’s Object permanence?

Answer 15

The fact that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible.

Question 16

What’s Joint Attention?

Answer 16

The ability to focus on what another person is focused on. (“I see what you see)

Question 17

What’s Social Inferencing?

Answer 17

The ability to use another person’s reactions as information about how they should think about the world. (“I do what you do”)

Question 18

What’s the Germinal Stage?

Answer 18

The 2 week period that begins at conception. Zygote cell division.

Question 19

What’s the Embryonic Stage?

Answer 19

A period that starts at about the 2nd week after conception and lasts until about the 8th week. Continues to divide and cells differentiate. An inch long, the embryo has arms, legs, and a beating heart.

Question 20

What’s the Fetal Stage?

Answer 20

A period that lasts from about the 9th week after conception until birth. Fetus has a skeleton and muscles that makes it capable of movement.

Question 21

What’s a Teratogen?

Answer 21

Any substance that passes from mother to unborn child and impairs development.

Ex. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome from alcohol cause the baby to have varieties of brain abnormalities.

Question 22

What’s Internal Working Model?

Answer 22

Infants develop a set of beliefs about the way relationships work.

Question 23

What’s Secure Attachment?

Answer 23

May or not be distressed when their caregiver leaves the room, but they respond positively to her when she returns.

Question 24

What’s Ambivalent attachment style?

Answer 24

Distressed when caregiver leaves the room, but when she returns they don’t respond positively or negatively towards her.

Question 25

What’s Avoidant Attachment?

Answer 25

Not distressed when their caregiver leaves the room, don’t respond positively or negatively towards her.

Question 26

What’s Disorganized Attachment

Answer 26

Show no consistent pattern of response to either their caregivers absence or return.

Question 27

What’s Temperament?

Answer 27

A biologically based pattern of attentional and emotional reactivity.

Question 28

What’s the Internal Working Model?

Answer 28

A set of beliefs about the way relationships work.

Question 29

What’s Preconventional Stage?

Answer 29

A stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is primarily determined by its consequences for the actor. A person at this stage might reason: “If the husband steals the drug he could end up in jail, so he shouldn’t.”

Question 30

What’s Conventional Stage?

Answer 30

Stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is primarily determined by the extent to which it conforms to social rules. A person at this stage might reason: “Stealing is against the law, so the husband shouldn’t steal the drug.”

Question 31

What’s Postconventional Stage?

Answer 31

A stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is determined by a set of general principles that reflect core values. A person at this stage might reason: “Human life is sacred, so the husband should steal the drug.”

Question 32

What’s Adolescence?

Answer 32

Is a period of development that begins with the onset of sexual maturity (about 11 to 1 years of age) and lasts until the beginning of adulthood (about 18 to 21 years of age)

Question 33

What’s Primary Sex Characteristics?

Answer 33

Bodily structures that change at puberty and are directly involved in reproduction (eg. girls begin to maturate and boys begin to ejaculate)

Question 34

What’s Secondary Sex Characteristics?

Answer 34

Bodily structures that change at puberty but are not directly involved in reproduction (e.g girls develop breasts and boys develop facial hair.

Question 35

What’s the staged of the Psychosocial Development?

Answer 35

Feeding, Toilet training, independence, school, peer relationships, love relationships, parenting reflection on and acceptance of one’s life.

Question 36

What’s the Psychosocial Development?

Answer 36

Created by Erikson, it’s the major task of adolescence is the development of an adult identity.