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IMAG 301- Positioning Princ. I > Ch. 10 Chest > Flashcards

Ch. 10 Chest Flashcards

1
Q

What is in the thoracic viscera?

A
  • Lungs and heart (organs of respiratory system)
  • cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
  • inferior portion of the esophagus
  • thymus gland
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2
Q

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A

The diaphragm

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3
Q

What are the 3 separate chambers within the thoracic cavity?

A
  • pericardial cavity
  • right pleural cavity
  • left pleural cavity
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4
Q

Where is the mediostinum located?

A

Mediostinum is the area of the thorax bounded by the sternum anteriorly, the spine posteriorly, and the lungs laterally

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5
Q

What are the structures associated with the mediostinum?

A

Heart, greater vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymphatics, nerves, fibrous tissue, and fat

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6
Q

What organs are part of the Respiratory System?

A

pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and two lungs,

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7
Q

How do the air passages of the respiratory organs communicate with the exterior?

A

Through the pharynx, mouth, and nose

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8
Q

What is the position of the trachea in relation to the esophagus?

A

Anterior to the esophagus

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9
Q

How many divisions are there on each side of the primary bronchus?

A
  • 3 divisions in Right lung

- 2 divisions in Left lung

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10
Q

Where is the Apex of the lung?

A

Top part of the lung; reaches above the level of the clavicles

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11
Q

The double-walled serous membrane that encompasses the lung Is called what?

A

Pleura

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12
Q

Where is the thymus gland and how is it positioned?

A

-lies in the lower neck area; superior mediastinum, anterior to the trachea and greate vessels of the heart and posterior to the manubrium

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13
Q

What is the optimum position of a patient for a chest x-ray

A

PA upright

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14
Q

Why is a left lateral done?

A

Used to show the heart, aorta, and left-sided pulmonary lesions

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15
Q

Why is a right lateral done?

A

Used to show right-sided pulmonary lesions

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16
Q

What is COPD and what does it stand for?

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: chronic condition of persistent obstruction of bronchial airflow

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17
Q

What exposure technique is required to penetrate thoracic anatomy?

A

High kVp

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18
Q

Why is a 72 in. SID used?

A

To minimize magnification of heart and to increase recorded detail (spatial resolution)

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19
Q

What does the patient do to move the scapula out of the way?

A

move shoulders forward

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20
Q

According to the book, where are the hands placed for a PA chest x-ray?

A

Resting back of hands low on the hips, below the level of the costophrenic angles

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21
Q

What is the optimal respiration phase for lateral?

A

End of second deep inspiration

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22
Q

How many ribs should you see above the diaphragm on a PA chest?

A

10

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23
Q

How long should a patient be in position before an exposure for a decubitus position?

A

For 5 min

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24
Q

If decubitus is done for fluid. which side should the patient lie on?

A

Patient should lie on affected side

25
Q

If decubitus is done for free-air, which side should the patient lie on?

A

Patient should lie on unaffected side

26
Q

What should be demonstrated in a decubitus position?

A

free-air or fluid

27
Q

Terminals communicate with what?

A

Alveolar ducts

28
Q

What is the medial border of the lungs called?

A

Hilum

29
Q

What projection can you see the medial border better?

A

Lateral Chest x-ray

30
Q

Why is the right lung shorter than the left lung?

A

Due to the presence of the liver and also it is broader than the left lung

31
Q

Movement of Lungs during inspiration

A

inferiorly

32
Q

Movement of Lungs during expiration

A

superiorly

33
Q

Where is the aortic arch?

A

the portion of the main artery that bends between the ascending and descending aorta.

34
Q

Why might two separate images be taken, one on inspiration and one on expiration?

A

-To demonstrate pneumothorax, diaphragm movement, presence of foreign body, or atelectasis

35
Q

Upright position demonstrates what?

A

air or fluid levels and allows diaphragm to move to its lowest position

36
Q

Rolling shoulders forward does what?

A

Rotates the scapulas to get them out of the way of the chest x-ray

37
Q

PA Chest CR positioning

A
  • CR perpendicular to center of IR

- Enters at MSP @ level of T7

38
Q

When should the exposure be made in a PA chest x-ray?

A

At the end of the second deep inspiration

39
Q

Is the MSP parallel or perpendicular with the IR in a Lateral Chest x-ray?

A

Parallel

40
Q

Lateral Chest CR positioning

A

CR is perpendicular to IR and enters patient on MCP at level T7
-Same breathing as PA Chest (at end of second deep inspiration)

41
Q

Side of interest is farther from IR in a PA Oblique Chest…True or False

A

True

**55-60 degree oblique position is used for barium cardiac series

42
Q

Part position for PA oblique

A

45 degree left anterior oblique (LAO) or right anterior obliqe (RAO)
-Top of IR about 1 1/2 - 2 in. above vertebra prominens

43
Q

Vertebra prominen is located where?

A

Lateral spinous process of C7

44
Q

AP Oblique side of interest?

A

Side of interest is closer to the IR

-45 degree left posterior oblique (LPO) or right posterior oblique (RPO)

45
Q

When is exposure made in AP Oblique?

A

ON second full inspiration

46
Q

CR positioning for AP Oblique

A

Perpendicular to IR and enters 3 in. below jugular notch

47
Q

AP Axial Chest: Lordotic Position is ordered when?

A

Usually specifically requested by radiologist

-CR enters MSP at midsternum

48
Q

If there is fluid in the right lung, which side would the patient lie on for a decubitus position?

A

Right side

49
Q

When is the exposure made for a Lateral Decubitus?

A

Made on second full inspiration

50
Q

When is the exposure made for a Lateral Decubitus?

A

Made on second full inspiration

51
Q 
What is the respiration phase for AP or lateral projections performed in the decubitus position? 
A. suspended respiration
B. full inspiration
C. full expiration
D. slow, shallow breathing
A

B. full inspiration

52
Q

Which of the following will be observed on a supine AP chest radiograph?

(1) clavicles projected higher
(2) lung fields appear shorter
(3) all 12 ribs are seen

A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2, and 3

A

A. 1 and 2

53
Q

Why isn’t a right lateral done opposed to a left lateral?

A

Because the left lateral displays the heart better

54
Q

What is Pneumothorax?

A

accumulation of air in the pleural cavity resulting in a collapsed lung

55
Q

What is Bronchitis?

A

inflammation of the bronchi

56
Q

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

A

Pleural Effusion

57
Q

replacement of air with fluid in the lung interstitium and alveoli

A

Pulmonary Edema

58
Q

Where is the costophrenic angle?

A

Below the lungs

IMAG 301- Positioning Princ. I (8 decks)

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