CH 10 Flashcards
Methods of therapeutic massage that provide sensory stimulation or mechanical change of the soft tissue of the body.
Techniques
Compressive stress that can be light, moderate, deep, or varied.
Depth of pressure
The location and broadness of contact.
Point of application
The intensity of application.
Magnitude
The flow of massage strokes from the center of the body (outward) centrigual or from the extremities inward toward the center of the body (centripetal).
Direction
The amount of pull (stretch) on the tissue (tensile stress).
Drag
The rate of application (fast, slow, varied).
Speed
The process of regulating or changing the timing, intensity, or rate of movement.
Pacing
The regularity of application of a technique.
Rhythm
Refers both to the sequence of strokes (the order in which strokes are applied to a particular body area) and to overall sequence of the massage (the order in which body areas are massaged).
Sequencing
Smooth and enjoyable movement from one type of technique to another type of technique, or the efficient progression of skills such as the change from undrapping a body area to the introduction of the therapist’s hands onto the client’s body.
Transitioning
The number of times a method repeats itself in a time period.
Frequencing
The length of time a method lasts or stays in the same location.
Duration
The therapist’s focus on the client and his or her goals with a clear concept of outcome; this is related to the four main goals of massage.
Intention for outcome
The first stroke of the massage; the simple laying on of the hands. AKA holding
Resting position
Provides time for the client to come acclimated to the proximity of another human being.
Holding
Force or method used to apply pressure into the body to spread tissue against underlying structures. Also the exertion of inappropriate pressure on nerves by hard tissue.
Compression
(Gliding stroke) Horizontal strokes applied with the fingers, hand or forearm that usually follow the fiber direction of the underlying muscle, fascial planes, or dermatone pattern.
Effleurage
(Kneading) Rhythmic rolling, lifting, squeezing, and wringing of soft tissue.
Petrissage
Specific or transverse movements that do not glide on the skin and that are focused on the underlying tissue. A force that acts in an opposite direction to movement of a sliding object.
Friction
Any effect that varies in a back-and-forth, or reciprocating manner.
Oscillation
Fine or coarse tremulous movement that creates reflexive responses.
Vibration
A technique in which the body area is grasped and shaken in a quick, loose movement; sometimes classified as a rhythmic mobilization.
Shaking
Rhythmic movement of the body.
Rocking
(Percussion) Springy blows to the body at a fast rate to create rhythmic compression of the tissue.
Tapotement
The movement of the joint through its normal ROM.
Joint movement
The movements of flexion, extension, abduction, addiction, and rotation; aka physiologic movements.
Osteokinematic movements
Accessory movements that occur as a result of inherent laxity or joint play that exists in each joint.
Arthrokinematic movement
The inherent laxity present in a joint.
Joint play
An atomic structures determined by the shape and fit of the bones at the joint.
Anatomic barriers
The result of the limits in ROM imposed by productive nerve and sensory functions to support optimum performance.
Physiologic barriers
An adaptation of the physiologic barrier that allows the productive function to limit rather than support optimal functioning.
Pathological barriers
The sensation felt when a normal joint is taken to its physiological limit (see and feel).
Joint end feel
Movement of a joint through its ROM by the client.
Active joint movement
Movement of a joint by the massage practitioner without the assistance of the client.
Passive joint movement
Movement of a joint in which both the client and the therapist produce the movement.
Active assisted movement
Movement of a joint by the client against resistance provided by the therapist.
Active resistive movement
(Neuromuscular facilitation) specific use of active contraction in individual muscles or groups of muscles to initiate a relaxation response; activation of the proprioceptors to facilitate muscle tone, relaxation, and stretching.
Muscle energy techniques
The position the body assumes with postural changes and muscle shortening or weakening, depending on how it has balanced against gravity.
Direction of ease
The state that occurs after isometric contraction of a muscle; it results from the activity of minute neural reporting stations called the Golgi tendon bodies.
Postisometric relaxation (PIR)
The effect that occurs when a muscle contracts, obliging its antagonist to relax to allow normal movement.
Reciprocal inhibition (RI)
The process in which the muscle assumes a normal resting length by means of the neuromuscular mechanism.
Lengthening
Mechanical tension applied to lengthen the myofascial unit (muscles and fascia); two types are longitudinal and cross-directional.
Stretching
The muscle or groups of muscles on which the response of the methods is specifically focused.
Target muscle
A contraction in which the effort of the target muscle or groups of muscles is partly matched by counterpressure, allowing a degree of resisted movement.
Isontonic contraction
Application of a counterforce by the massage therapist while allowing the client to move, which brings the origin and insertion of the target muscle together against the pressure.
Concentric isontonic contraction
Application of a counterforce while the client moved the jointed area, which allows the origin and insertion of the muscle to separate. The muscle lengthens against the pressure.
Eccentric isontonic action
Movements of joint and associated muscles by the client through a full ROM against partial resistance applied by the massage therapist.
Multiple isotonic contractions
The first point of resistance short of the client’s perceiving any discomfort at the physiologic or pathological barrier.
Comfort barrier
Involve engaging the comfort barrier and using minute, resisted contractions (20 in 10 seconds), which introduces mechanical pumping in addition to post instruct relaxation or reciprocal inhibition.
Pulsed muscle energy procedures
The technique of pushing muscle fibers together in the belly of the muscle.
Approximation
The use of tender points to guide the positioning of the body into space where the muscle tension can release on its own.
Strain/ counter-strain
Method of moving the body into the direction of ease; the proprioception is taken into a state of safety and may stop signaling for protective spasming.
Positional release technique (PRI)
Movement of a joint in a which the therapist effects the motion.
Passive ROM
Form of petrissage that lifts the skin.
Skin rolling
