Ch 10 Flashcards
Nerve cells (neurons)
Are microscopic, collected into macroscopic nerves, and carry electrical messages all over the body.
Central nerves (CNS)
Are the brain and spinal cord.
***Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Is the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, plexuses, autonomic nerves, and peripheral nerves throughout the body.
The autonomic nerves are separated into parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves.
Sensory nerves
Carry messages toward the brain.
Motor nerves
Carry messages from the brain.
Parasympathetic nerves
Slow down.
Sympathetic nerves
Speed up.
Neuron
Individual nerve cell.
Ganglia
Small clusters of nerve cell bodies.
Axon
Has myelin sheath and neurilemma.
Neurotransmitters
Transfer impulses across synapse.
Glia cells
Maintain Heath of the nervous system. They do not transmit impulses.
Four types of cells
Astrocytes, microglia, oligodendroglia, and ependymal cells.
Hypothalamus
Controls the body temperature, sleep, appetite, sexual desire and emotions.
It regulates hormones from the pituitary gland.
And monitors sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Medulla oblongata
Connects the spinal cord to the brain. Nerve tracts from side to side. And it regulates •blood vessels •heart •respiratory system
Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter chemical released at end of nerve cells.
Afferent nerve
Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord.
Astrocyte
Glial cell that transports water and salts from capilaries.
Autonomic nervous system
Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs.
Axon
Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell.
Blood brain barrier
Protective separation between the blood and brain cells that keeps substances such as anticancer drugs from penetrating capillary walls and entering the brain.
Brainstem
Posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord.
Cauda equina
Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord.
Cerebral cortex
Outer region of the cerebrum.
Contains sheets of nerve cells/ gray matter.
Cerebrospinal fluid
Circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord.
Cerebrum
The largest part of the brain responsible for muscle activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.
Glial cell
Supportive and connective nerve cell that does not marry nervous impulses, can reproduce itself.
Myelin sheath
Covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell, speeds impulse conduction.
Synapse
The space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells.
Thalamus
Main relay center of the brain conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum.
Dur/o
Dura matter.
Lept/o
Thin slender.
Mening
Membranes
My/o
Muscles
MYEL/o
Spinal cord.
NEUR/o
Nerve
Thec/o
Sheath (meninges)
Alges/o
Algesia
Excessive sensitivity to pain.
Algia
Pain
Caus/o
Burning
Comat/o
Deep sleep
Kines/o
Movement
Lepsy
Seizure
Phasia
Speech
Congenital disorders
-Hydrocephalus
-Spina bofida
•cyatica
•occulta
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Thrombotic
Thrombotic - a blood clot in an artery leaving the brain.
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Embolic
Embolic- a dislodged clot that travels to the cerebral arteries.
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Hemorrhagic
A blood vessel such as the cerebral artery, breaks and bleeding occurs.
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Migraine
Migraine- a severe, recurring, vascular headache.
Parkinson’s disease
Shuffling gaint, loss of motor control ex Micheal jay fox.
Paralysis
Hemiplegia-1/2 same side.
Paraplegia- top half of body
Quadriplegia-all four extremities.
X-Ray tests
Cerebral angiography, computed tomography (CT) of the brain, and myelography.
Other procedures…
(MRI) magnetic resonance imaging
(PET) positron emission scan
(EEG) electroencephalography
Sensation disorders
Anesthesia- no feeding.
Paresthesia- abnormal sensation.
Subdural hematoma
Collection of blood within the meningeal layers.
Olig/o
Scanty
Syncop/o
Cut off
Tax/o
Order
Nervous system
Complex has 10 biliion nerve cells
