Ch 1. What Is Anthropology?

Question 1

ethnography

Answer 1

firsthand personal study of local settings

Question 2

anthropology

Answer 2

studies the whole of the human condition: past present future; biology, society, language, & culture

Question 3

holism

Answer 3

study of the whole of the human condition

Question 4

society

Answer 4

organized life in groups

Question 5

cultures

Answer 5

traditions & customs, transmitted thru learning, that form & guide beliefs & behaviors of people exposed to them

Question 6

adaptation

Answer 6

processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces & stresses, such as those posed by climte & topography or terrains (also called landforms)

Question 7

foraging

Answer 7

hunting & gathering of nature’s bounty

Question 8

food production

Answer 8

the cultivation of plants & domestication of animals

Question 9

biocultural

Answer 9

using & combining both biological & cultural perspectives & approaches to analyze & understand a particular issue or problem

Question 10

general anthropology

Answer 10

• also called 4 field anthropology
• includes 4 main subdisciplines or subfields

Question 11

4 subfields of general anthropology

Answer 11

• sociocultural anthropology
• anthropological archaeology
• biological anthropology
• linguistic anthropology

Question 12

cultural anthropology

Answer 12

study of human society & culture

Question 13

ethnology

Answer 13

examines, compares, analyzes, & interprets the results of ethnography, which is the data gathered in different societies

Question 14

anthropological archaeology

Answer 14

• also called archaeology
• reconstructs, describes, & interprets human behavior & cultural patterns through material remains

Question 15

ecology

Answer 15

study of interrelations among living things in an environment

Question 16

ecosystem

Answer 16

a patterned arrangement of energy flows & exchanges

Question 17

paleoecology

Answer 17

looks at ecosystems of the past

Question 18

biological anthropology

Answer 18

study of human biological diversity through time & as it exists in the world today

Question 19

osteology

Answer 19

the study of bones

Question 20

paleontologists

Answer 20

scientists who study fossils

Question 21

paleoanthropologists

Answer 21

study fossil record of human evolution

Question 22

Primatologists

Answer 22

study biology, evolution, behavior, & social life of nonhuman primates, often in their natural environments

Question 23

Linguistic anthropology

Answer 23

studies language in its social & cultural context, throughout the world & over time

Question 24

sociolinguistics

Answer 24

investigate relationships between social & linguistic variation

Question 25

practicing anthropology

Answer 25

• also applied anthropology
• refers to application of anthropological data, perspectives, theory & methods to identify, assess, & solve contemporary social problems

Question 26

Cultural Resource Management (CRM)

Answer 26

decides what needes saving & to preserve significant information about the past when sites can’t be saved

Question 27

science

Answer 27

a systemic field of study or body of knowledge that aims, through experiment, observation, & deduction, to produce reliable explanations of phenomena, with references to the material & physical world