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Anatomy & Physiology 1 STLCC BIO 207-408 > Ch 1 Terms & Objectives list > Flashcards

Ch 1 Terms & Objectives list Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of the body structure

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the body function

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3
Q

Cytology

A

Study of Cells (requires microscope)

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4
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues (requires microscope)

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5
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Study of structures without a microscope

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6
Q

System Anatomy

A

Study of groups of structures with common functions

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7
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

Study of exterior body to help visualize interior of the body

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8
Q

Organelle

A

Molecules form organelles (nucleus, mitochondria)

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9
Q

Cells

A

Basic structural functional unit of all organisms made of organelles

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10
Q

Tissues

A

Collection of cells

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11
Q

Organs

A

Multiple tissues form organs

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12
Q

Organ systems

A

Group of organs with common function

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13
Q

Organism

A

Collection of organ systems form organism

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14
Q

Organization (characteristic if life)

A

Interrelationships among parts of an organism

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15
Q

Metabolism (characteristic of life)

A

Ability to use energy to perform vital functions

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16
Q

Responsiveness (characteristic of life)

A

Ability to sense changes in internal and external environments and adjust to those changes

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17
Q

Growth (characteristic of life)

A

Increase in size or number of cells in organism

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18
Q

Development (characteristic of life)

A

Changes the organism undergoes though time (fertilization - death)

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19
Q

Reproduction (characteristic of life)

A

Formation of new cells or a new organism

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20
Q

Homeostasis

A

Exitance and maintenance of relatively constant environment on the body

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21
Q

Negative feedback

A

Response to resist stimulus and return to normal range

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22
Q

Receptor

A

Monitors a condition by detecting stimuli

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23
Q

Control Center

A

Receives information from receptors about a change and sends command to an effector

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24
Q

Effector

A

Returns condition back to normal

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25
Q

Positive feedback

A

Response to stimulus is to increase deviation to condition (until something stops it)

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26
Q

Anatomical position

A

A person standing erect with face forward, upper limbs hanging by sides and palms facing forward

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27
Q

Supine

A

Laying face upward

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28
Q

Prone

A

Laying face downward

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29
Q

Superior

A

Above (relative to…)

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30
Q

Cephalic

A

Toward the head

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31
Q

Inferior

A

Below (in relationship to…)

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32
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail

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33
Q

Anterior

A

In front

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34
Q

Ventral

A

Toward the belly

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35
Q

Posterior

A

Behind

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36
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the back

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37
Q

Proximal

A

In proximity or close to

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38
Q

Distal

A

In the distance or far from

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39
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

40
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

41
Q

Superficial

A

Close to the surface of the body

42
Q

Deep

A

Toward the interior of the body

43
Q

Most superior (cephalic) body part

A

Head

44
Q

Body part inferior to Head and superior to Trunk

A

Neck

45
Q

Body part inferior to neck and superior to Lower Limbs

A

Trunk

46
Q

Body parts within the Trunk

A

Thorax- Heart & Lungs
Abdomen- Organs; such as liver, stomach, intestines
Pelvis- Bladder & Reproductive organs

47
Q

Thoracic (Thorax)

A

Heart & Lungs

48
Q

Abdomen

A

Organs such as liver, stomach & intestines

49
Q

Pelvis

A

Bladder & reproductive organs

50
Q

Upper Limb contains:

A

Arm
Forearm
Wrist
Manual (Hand)

51
Q

Lower Limb contains:

A

Thigh
Leg
Ankle
Pedal (Foot)

52
Q

Arm

A

Proximal to the shoulder

53
Q

Forearm

A

Proximal to the Wrist

54
Q

Thigh

A

Proximal to the hip

55
Q

Leg

A

Proximal to the Ankle

56
Q

Quadrants

A

subdividing the abdomen into four parts

57
Q

List four quandrants

A

Right Upper
Left Upper
Right Lower
Left Lower

58
Q

Regions

A

subdividing the abdomen into nine parts

59
Q

List Nine Regions

A

Epigastric
Umbilical
Hypogastric
Left & Right Hypochondrial
Left & Right Lumbar
Left & Right Iliac

60
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides the body into left and right halves

61
Q

Medial Plane

A

Sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves

62
Q

Transverse (horizontal) plane

A

divides the body into superior and inferior portions

63
Q

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

A

Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

64
Q

Longitudinal Section

A

Cut through he length of an organ

65
Q

Transerve (Cross) section

A

Cut at right angle (Perpendicular) to length of organ

66
Q

Oblique Section

A

Diagonal cut across an organ

67
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

Dorsal= Towards the back
-Cranial cavity; brain
-Vertebral Canal; Spinal cord
-Both covered by meninges

68
Q

Ventral cavity

A

Ventral= Toward the belly
-Thoracic Cavity
-Pleural Cavity
-Mediastinum
-Pericardial cavity
-Abdominopelvic cavity
from the superior/inferior view
-Abdominal cavity
-Pelvic Cavity
or front to back
-Peritoneal Cavity
-Retroperitoneal Cavity
-Serous Membranes

69
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

contains: Liver, Digestive organs, reproductive organs

70
Q

Retroperitoneal Cavity

A

Retro= Behind the peritoneal cavity
Contains: Kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, large portion of pancreas, parts of the large intestines and urinary bladder

71
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Pleural Cavity
Mediastinum

72
Q

Pleural Cavities

A

-Pleura = Lung

73
Q

Mediastinum

A

Heart, Thymus, Trachea, Esophagus

74
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

Peri=around cardial=the Heart

75
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
or
Peritoneal cavity
Retroperitoneal cavity

76
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Stomach, Intestines, Liver & Spleen

77
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Urinary Bladder Urethra, rectum of large intestine & reproductive organs

78
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

Contains Liver, Digestive organs & reproductive organs

79
Q

Retroperitoneal Cavity

A

Retro=Behind peritoneal cavity
-Kidneys, Ureters, Adrenal Glands, large portion of the pancreas parts of the large intestine & urinary bladder

80
Q

Define Serous membrane

A

Two layered membrane lubricated by serous fluid
-Parietal layer - lines a cavity
-Visceral layer - covers organs contained in that cavity

81
Q

Serous membrane of Pleural Cavity

A
  • Parietal Pleura; Lines the pleural cavity
  • Visceral Pleura; Covers the lungs
82
Q

Serous membrane of the Pericardial cavity

A

-Parietal Pericardium; lines the pericardial cavity
-Visceral pericardium- covers the heart

83
Q

Serous Membrane of the Peritoneal cavity

A

-Parietal Peritoneum; Lines the peritoneal cavity
-Visceral Peritoneum; Cover the organs- Liver, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, mesenteries

84
Q

Mesenteries

A

Double folded visceral peritoneum

85
Q

Relationship between Structure and Function

A

Structure follows function, the overall structure should relate to its intended function

86
Q

Organization and different levels of the human body

A

-Chemical level
-Cell level
-Tissue level
-Organ level
-Organ System level
-Organism level

87
Q

Characteristics of life

A

-Organization
-Metabolism
-Responsiveness
-Growth
-Development
-Reproduction

88
Q

Homeostasis and why its important for the human body

A

The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within a body
-Cells function within a narrow range of conditions
-Variables, changes in an environmental condition that can affect the
body’s condition
-Body’s ability to actively regulate its conditions despite these variable

89
Q

Negative feedback

A

When any deviation to a specific condition occurs the response to the stimulus is to resist and return to normal range

90
Q

Different components of the negative feedback and how they work together

A

-Receptor -Monitors a condition
-Control Center- Receives information from the receptor about the change and sends a command to the Effector
-Effector- Returns the condition back to normal

91
Q

Give an example of negative feedback and describe the components that are involved

A

-Temperature receptors in skin detects increased body temperature (receptor)
-The brain sends a command (Control Center)
-Sweat Glands produce sweat to decrease body temperature (Effector)

92
Q

Difference between negative feedback and positive feedback

A

Negative feedback- When any deviation to a specific condition occurs the response to the stimulus is to RESIST and return to normal range
Positive feedback- When any deviation to a specific condition occurs, the response to the stimulus is to INCREASE the deviation even more

93
Q

Give an example of positive feedback and how it works

A

-Stimulus- Babys head stretches the uterus stimulating contractions
-Contraction push the baby’s head against the opening stimulating more contractions and more stretching
-What stops this? the birth of the baby

94
Q

Difference between planes and sections

A

Planes- Imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body dividing it into sections
-Sagittal
-Median sagittal
-Transverse (Horizontal)
-Frontal (Coronal)
Sections- Organs can be sectioned to reveal their internal structure
-Longitudinal (length)
-Transverse (cross)
-Oblique (diagonal)

95
Q

Components of the Dorsal and Ventral cavities

A

Dorsal= Towards the back
-Cranial cavity; brain
-Vertebral Canal; Spinal cord
-Both covered by meninges

Ventral= Toward the belly
-Thoracic Cavity
-Pleural Cavity
-Mediastinum
-Pericardial cavity
-Abdominopelvic cavity
from the superior/inferior view
-Abdominal cavity
-Pelvic Cavity
or front to back
-Peritoneal Cavity
-Retroperitoneal Cavity
-Serous Membranes

96
Q

Difference between the parietal and visceral layer of serous membranes

A

-Parietal layer - lines a cavity
-Visceral layer - covers organs contained in that cavity

97
Q

Give the three examples of cavities that have serous membranes

A

1) Pericardial cavity
2) Pleural cavity
3) Peritoneal Cavity

Anatomy & Physiology 1 STLCC BIO 207-408 (14 decks)

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