Ch 1 section 1.3 Contemporary Psychology Flashcards
what are some Organizations to remember that are related to psychology
APA - American Psychological Association (apa.org)
APS - Association for Psychological Science (psychologicalscience.org)
what are the 8 Psychology Approaches/Perspectives
(definitions for each 1 are shown later and will be marked with * in the question)
- Unconscious
- Cognitive
- Behavioral
- Evolutionary
- Humanistic
- Biological
- Biopsychosocial
- Social/Cultural or
Sociocultural
what’s does Unconscious* mean
the part of the mind which is inaccessible to the conscious mind but which affects behavior and emotions.
what’s does Cognitive* mean
Thoughts/Perception/Memories/Emotions; Impact of how you think, interpret, feel, etc.
what’s does Behavioral* mean
Learning; Impact of experiences, focus on studying people’s observable behavior
what’s does Evolutionary* mean
Impact of Natural Selection; Environments select for adaptive traits for survival,
reproduction. More successful traits are passed on through genetics and become plentiful.
what’s does Social/Cultural or Sociocultural* mean
Society and Culture, Impact of groups on the individual, Impact of contexts/environments
what’s does Biological* mean
Impact of Biology (Brain, Neurons, Chemicals–neurotransmitters, hormones) and epigenetics. Including Neuroscience
what’s does Humanistic* mean
Basic Needs and Motivations; positive view of human nature, people try to grow/reach their potential, and belief that people have the capacity to change and improve themselves/world
whats does Biopsychosocial mean
-BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL
A combination of the perspectives—needed to explain most phenomena.
What are the 11 subfields of psychology (later slides will be added with specific definitions marked with *)
-Psychometrics
-Developmental
-Educational
-Industrial/Organizational
-Human Factors
-Forensic Psychology-
-Clinical
-Personality
-Counseling
-Community
-Positive Psychology-studies
definition for Psychometrics*
utilizes testing and statistics to examine human behavior
definition for Developmental*
studies how anything in our psychology changes over time (as we
age)
definition for Educational*
applies our psychology knowledge to learning, teaching, and schools.
definition for Industrial/Organizational*
applies our psychology knowledge to business and
the workplace (e.g., hiring, managing, teaming, productivity, employee
motivation/satisfaction, etc.)
definition for Human Factors*
applies our psychology knowledge to creating and engineering
products and services based upon on how humans perceive, think, etc
definition for Forensic Psychology*
applies our psychology knowledge to the law, courts, etc
definition for Clinical*
work with clients with abnormal disorders (major depression, bipolar,
schizophrenia, etc.). Clinical Psychologist (Ph.D. therapist) vs. Psychiatrist (M.D.,
medications)
definition for Personality*
studies how our temperaments and traits influence human behavior
definition for Counseling*
work with clients with more everyday problems (relationships, family,
work, etc.)
definition for Community*
applies psychology knowledge to try to lessen or prevent problems by
improving our cities, society, families, etc. Don’t treat problems after they occur, work to
prevent them!
definition for Positive Psychology-studies*
studies what traits and behaviors in people are good, useful,
positive, etc. Tries to help people develop lives that are increasingly happy, content,
satisfying, flourishing, etc
what is Nature in psychology
-This emphasizes the role of genetics and inherited traits in shaping a person’s characteristics.
-It suggests that certain aspects of an individual, such as intelligence or temperament, are predetermined by their genetic makeup.
what is Nurture in psychology
-This focuses on the impact of the environment, including upbringing, experiences, and culture, on shaping an individual.
-It suggests that external factors play a crucial role in determining one’s traits and behaviors
