Ch 1 section 1.2 history of psychology

Question 1

in what year who studied how physical stimuli relate to the contents of consciousness, especially sensations.

Answer 1

Early to mid-1800s: Psychophysics––pre-psychology (<1879) Weber and Fechner

Question 2

What is Structuralism

Answer 2

a method of interpretation and analysis of aspects of human cognition, behavior, culture, and experience that focuses on relationships of contrast between elements in a conceptual system that reflect patterns underlying a superficial diversity.

Question 3

what study did Wilhelm Wundt do in Late 1800s early 1900s

Answer 3

he tried to find the structure of consciousness (what are we thinking, what is the content or subject matter of our thoughts)

Question 4

what is Functionalism

Answer 4

Functionalism is a theory about the nature of mental states. (According to functionalists, mental states are identified by what they do rather than by what they are made of.)

Question 5

what was William James (American philosopher and psychologist) trying to figure out

Answer 5

trying to find the function of consciousness (what do
we do, what is the purpose or reason for the content or subject matter of our thoughts)

Question 6

what is Psychoanalytic (sai·kow·a·nuh·li·tik)

Answer 6

method of treating mental disorders, shaped by psychoanalytic theory, which emphasizes unconscious mental processes

Question 7

what was Sigmund Freud (Austrian neurologist) trying to figure out

Answer 7

he was working on studying the effects of your unconscious mind (repression) on
you.

Question 8

First three psychology perspectives used INTROSPECTION what does this word mean.

Answer 8

Introspection means means looking inside and watching your thinking and then seeing what it is and what it does. Biased and not as objective.

Question 9

What breakthrough in psychology happened in the 1920s

Answer 9

Shift from introspection to behaviorism marked the rise in psychology’s scientific approach. Focused on observable and measurable behavior, embracing experimentation for a more objective study.

Question 10

What breakthrough in psychology happened in the 1950s, 60s

Answer 10

Humanistic perspective emerged in response to Freudian psychoanalysis and Behaviorism. It emphasized consciousness over the unconscious, viewed individuals holistically instead of through reductionism, and held a belief in the inherent goodness of humanity, emphasizing concepts like self-actualization.

Question 11

What breakthrough in psychology happened in the 1960s

Answer 11

rise of Cognitive perspective—thoughts exist, are important, and can be
measured and studied scientifically. One of the largest perspectives in psychology

Question 12

What breakthrough in psychology happened in the 1980’s

Answer 12

rise of Biological perspective given new techniques and scientific
breakthroughs—neurotransmitters, genetic mapping, brain scans, etc. Also one of the
largest perspectives in psychology.

Question 13

What breakthrough in psychology happened in the 2000s

Answer 13

establishment and expansion of a blend of perspectives; Cognitive-Behavioral,
Cognitive Neuroscience, Social Learning, Behavioral Genetics, Socio-Cognitive, etc.
Biopsychosocial approach