ch 1 and 2 (pw)

Question 1

individualism (1)

Answer 1

American belief in individualism, or the idea of favoring individual freedom of action over collective or state control, as well as the well-developed social welfare system in other countries.

(ex: on the topic of gun control) The emphasis on individual liberties and the difficulty of changing public policy meant that the American response led to more debate over principles than action.

Question 2

americanists (1)

Answer 2

political scientists who specialize in American politics, examine how politics works under American democracy.

Question 3

comparativists/ comparative politics (1)

Answer 3

subfield of political science focused on analyzing and comparing political culture, behavior, and institutions across political systems.

political scientists who specialize in comparative politics, may look at the way in which different democracies behave in different situations, understanding that there are many democracies around the world and that they do not all look the same

Question 4

american exceptionalism (1)

Answer 4

is sometimes used to express the idea that the United States is unique among and superior to other countries. American exceptionalism simply means that the United States is different, not better than other countries.

By extension, proponents of American exceptionalism argue that American-styled democracy is the “best” form of government.

Question 5

advanced industrial democracies (2)

Answer 5

democracies that score high on disparate measures of democratic life

Question 6

authoritarian government (2)

Answer 6

governing power rests with the state instead of the people, even if people can hold their own religious or social beliefs

Question 7

democracy (2)

Answer 7

from Greek, meaning “rule of the people;” people were allowed and expected to participate in their governing

Question 8

common good (2)

Answer 8

something that is beneficial for all

Question 9

deliberative democracy (2)

Answer 9

focuses on citizen deliberation and public consensus building in the democratic process

Question 10

direct democracy (2)

Answer 10

citizens vote directly on a policy issue

Question 11

electoralism (2)

Answer 11

focus on voting as a yardstick for democracy

Question 12

gdp/ gross domestic product (2)

Answer 12

the market value of all goods and services produced in a country per person

Question 13

hid/ human development index (2)

Answer 13

measures life expectancy, literacy rates, education levels, and standard of living

Question 14

inclusiveness (2)

Answer 14

participation by large numbers of citizens

Question 15

initiatives (2)

Answer 15

items put on ballots by citizens and circumvent the representative process by going directly to the public for a vote on legislation

Question 16

legitimacy (2)

Answer 16

laws agreed upon and put into action

Question 17

mass enfranchisement (2)

Answer 17

when voting rights were extended to the entire citizenry

Question 18

monarchy (2)

Answer 18

rule by own individual, often a king or queen

Question 19

oligarchy (2)

Answer 19

rule by small group of rich and powerful elite

Question 20

polyarchy (2)

Answer 20

vibrant democracy.

(Dahl) “rule by many;” requires inclusiveness and public contestation

Question 21

schumperterian procedural definition (2)

Answer 21

(definition of democracy by Austrian-Hungarian-American economist and political scientist Joseph Schumpeter) “the democratic method is that institutional arrangement for arriving at political decisions in which individuals acquire the power to decide by means of a competitive struggle for the people’s vote

Question 22

public contestation (2)

Answer 22

liberalization or the competition among social groups for a policy position

Question 23

recalls (2)

Answer 23

give the public the authority to remove an elected representative from his/her position

Question 24

referenda (2)

Answer 24

votes on whether or not a law should stand and be binding

Question 25

representative democracy (2)

Answer 25

a system of government where citizens select leaders to make decisions on their behalf

Question 26

republican form of democracy (2)

Answer 26

representative form of government where citizens select leaders to make decisions on their behalf. For example, in the United States, citizens elect members of Congress who then make laws on their behalf.

Question 27

social movements (2)

Answer 27

large informal or formal groups of individuals organized around an issue or cause

Question 28

theocracy (2)

Answer 28

rule by religious elite

Question 29

totalitarian government (2)

Answer 29

extreme type of authoritarian system where the government maintains absolute, or total power, over all aspects of life–political, economic, and social

Question 30

tyranny of the majority (2)

Answer 30

when the majority tramples over the rights of the minority

Question 31

deconsolidation (2)

Answer 31

The decrease in trust and decrease in those who think democracy is important should trouble readers of this book can lead to the sliding back from liberal democracy to nondemocratic forms of government.

Question 32

brexit (2)

Answer 32

refers to the British exit from the European Union (EU). On June 23, 2016, voters throughout the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland) went to the polls to vote on whether to stay in the EU or to leave. By a narrow margin of 51.9 percent of those who voted, Britons voted to leave.

why?
people in the Uk felt economically left behind. culturally too these people voted to leave because they were against modern ideologies such as multiculturalism liberalism and feminism.

those who voted in favor had lower incomes and were most likely to be unemployed.

Question 33

the tea party

Answer 33

a conservative movement within the Republican Party in the United States that began in the immediate aftermath of the election of Barak Obama. While some in the Tea Party have racist leanings, the majority of Tea Party supporters call for lowering of the national debt and reduction in taxes.17 While they often self-identify as Independents, most members of the Tea Party have a strong record of voting Republican.