Ch 1

Question 1

A couple is scheduled to obtain familial lineage studies. The nurse is aware that an analysis will occur identifying maternally inherited:

Answer 1

Mitochondrial RNA (pg. 7)

Question 2

A caregiver is working with a client who is having poorly controlled pain due to shingles. The associated pain travels to the client’s nervous system via:

Answer 2

Afferent neurons (pg. 832)

Question 3

A school nurse is teaching a class on immunity. Which statement contains an accurate explanation of cellular defense?

Answer 3

Neutrophils engulf invading organisms where lysosomes break them down. (pg. 5 &16)

Question 4

Which form of signal transduction resulting from ligand-receptor binding has the potential to produce effects in the entire body system?

Answer 4

Endocrine (pg. 17)

Question 5

The student is examining a tissue sample with a microscope. The student decides that it is squamous keratinized tissue. Which type of epithelial tissue is the student viewing?

Answer 5

Stratified epithelium (pg. 21)

Question 6

The Golgi complex, or Golgi bodies, consist of stacks of thin, flattened vesicles or sacs within the cell. These Golgi bodies are found near the nucleus and function in association with the ER. What is one purpose of the Golgi complex?

Answer 6

Receive proteins and other substances from the cell surface by a retrograde transport mechanism. (pg. 4)

Question 7

The majority of the cell’s protoplasm is which of the following?

Answer 7

Water (pg. 14-16)

Question 8

What are the three main parts of a typical cell?

Answer 8

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
(pg. 1)

Question 9

Each skeletal muscle is a discrete organ made up of hundreds or thousands of muscle fibers. Although muscle fibers predominate, substantial amounts of connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve fibers are also present. What happens during muscle contraction?

Answer 9

The thick myosin and thin actin filaments slide over each other, causing shortening of the muscle fiber (pg. 25)

Question 10

A nurse practitioner has been asked to speak with the local high school track team about health, wellness, and nutrition. One of the athletes asks about the differences in the physiology of the energy used in sprinting versus long-distance running. Which response is the best answer?

Answer 10

Sprinter utilize ATP generated via anaerobic glycolysis, and distance runner utilize ATP generated via aerobic metabolism. (pg. 9)

Question 11

Select the option that best describes the nucleus of the cell.

Answer 11

Contains the DNA that is essential for protein synthesis to keep the cell alive. (pg. 3)

Question 12

Which of the following types of epithelium is found in the lining of blood vessels, lymph nodes, and alveoli of the lungs?

Answer 12

Simple squamous epithelium (pg. 20-21)

Question 13

During a discussion on cellular components and their function, a student asked the instructor the purpose of messenger RNA (mRNA). Of the following, which is the most accurate answer?

Answer 13

Performs an active role in protein synthesis, where mRNA molecules direct the assembly of proteins on ribosomes to the cytoplasm. (pg. 3)

Question 14

A nurse is providing care for a client with a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease. The nurse recognized the fact that the disease involves the inflammation and irritation of the intestinal lining. Which of the following types of tissue is most likely involved in the client’s pathology?

Answer 14

simple columnar epithelium (pg. 21)

Question 15

The nurse educates a client with a suspected myocardial infarction (MI) about the blood test to evaluate troponin I levels. The nurse knows the education has been successful when the client says:

Answer 15

“This test is specific to components found in my heart muscle.” (pg. 26)

Question 16

The cytoplasm surrounds the nucleus of the cell and contains organelles. Select the organelles found in the cytoplasm. Select all that apply.

Answer 16

Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
(pg. 4)

Question 17

There are two forms of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) found in a cell. They are the rough and the smooth ER. What does the rough ER do in a cell?

Answer 17

Produces proteins (pg. 4)

Question 18

The mitochondria are literally the “power plants” of the cell because they transform organic compounds into energy that is easily accessible to the cell. What do the mitochondria do?

Answer 18

Produce ATP from carbon sources (pg. 6)

Question 19

When discussing the various functions of the cellular parts, the pathophysiology professor asks a group of students, “where are the primary sites of protein synthesis located in a cell?” Which student response is correct?

Answer 19

Endoplasmic reticulum (pg. 4)

Question 20

While reviewing the basic information related to hemodialysis, the professor explains that water molecules move through adjacent phospholipid molecules in the cell membrane by:

Answer 20

osmosis (pg. 15-16)

Question 21

The cells of the client’s epithelial tissue are tightly bound together by specialized junctions. Select the junctions primarily responsible for preventing cell separation.

Answer 21

Adhering junctions (pg. 27)

Question 22

Select the type of energy production that occurs in the mitochondria with the Krebs cycle.

Answer 22

Aerobic metabolism (pg. 9)

Question 23

A patient experiencing immotile cilia syndrome should be frequently assessed by the nurse for which priority complication?

Answer 23

Bronchiectasis due to interferences with clearance of inhaled bacteria along the respiratory tract. (pg. 582)

Question 24

A end-stage renal disease patient has been on peritoneal dialysis at home. Based on their lab work, they regulate the type of solution to infuse into their abdomen. When there is a high concentration of potassium inside the cell (hyperkalemia), the solution infused has a lower concentration so that the potassium ions will diffuse outward. At this point, the cellular membrane is said to be:

Answer 24

Polarized because of the presence of a negative membrane potential (pg. 14-15)

Question 25

The home care nurse is making a home visit to a 51-year-old female client with a longstanding diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The nurse knows that the muscle wasting and weakness associated with the disease process is ultimately manifested as a failure of what normal process in muscle tissue?

Answer 25

Thick myosin and thin actin filament sliding over each other. (pg.25)

Question 26

The nurse is performing an assessment with a client that presents with blisters on the skin and mucous membranes. What primary disorder of desmosomes does the nurse suspect the client may be suffering from?

Answer 26

Pemphigus (pg. 27)

Question 27

What concept will the nurse need to explain about the purpose and action of chemotherapy to a client with cancer?

Answer 27

Apoptosis (Pg. 7)

Question 28

How does facilitated diffusion enable molecules to cross membranes?

Answer 28

Transport proteins carry molecules to areas of lower concentration (pg. 14)

Question 29

Which of the following statements regarding cell metabolism is most accurate?

Answer 29

Glycolysis also provides energy in situations when delivery of oxygen to the cells is delayed. (pg. 9)

Question 30

While explaining cellular membrane potentials, the instructor states the during an action potential, the cell membrane becomes more permeable to which mineral/electrolyte?

Answer 30

Sodium (pg. 17)