Ch 1 Flashcards
Scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Psychology
Where does knowledge come from
Empiricism and nativism
Knowledge comes from the outside world
Empiricism
Knowledge comes from inside world
Nativism
Who realized that lab science methods could be used to study mental processes
Wilhelm Wundt
Goal was to study how the mind allows an organism to adopt to the environment
William James
Focuses on the body, especially the brain and nervous system
Biological approach
Observable behavioral responses and their environmental determining
Behavioral approach
emphasizes unconscious thought, the conflict between biological drives and societies demands
Psychodynamic approach
First to propose the idea of the subconscious, father of clinical psychology
Sigmund Freud
Emphasizes a persons positive qualities, the capacity for growth, and the freedom to choose any seating
Humanistic approach
Emphasizes mental processes involved in attention, perception, learning, memory, planning, thinking, and problem solving
Cognitive approach
Examines the ways in which cultural environments influence behavior
Sociocultural approach
3 types of psychological research
Descriptive
Experimental
Correlational
Goal; describing a phenomenon
Descriptive research
Goal is the discovery of casual relationships between variables. The two variables change together
Correlational response
A measure of the direction (+ or -) and strength of a correlation
Correlation coefficient
Where a variable has not been measured accounts for the relationship between two other variables
Third variable problem
Procedure for establishing the casual relationship between variables
Experiment
The creation of an artificial pattern of variation in order to determine its casual influence on anther variable
Manipulation
A procedure that uses a random event to assign people to the experimental or control group
Random assignment
The participants who recieve the treatment
Experimental group
People who are treated the same but do not receive the drug test
Control group
When anything about a person determines whether he or she will be included in the experiment or control group
Self selection
Representative of real world issues? Do results generalize to the real world?
External validity
Are dependent variables changes the result of independent variable manipulation?
Internal validity
