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Psych 101 > Ch 04: State of Consciousness > Flashcards

Ch 04: State of Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

alpha wave

A

type of relatively low frequency, relatively high amplitude brain wave that becomes synchronized; characteristic of the beginning of stage 1 sleep

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2
Q

amphetamines

A

a synthetic, addictive, mood-altering drug, used illegally as a stimulant and legally as a prescription drug to treat children with ADD and adults with narcolepsy

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3
Q

circadian rhythm

A

biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours

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4
Q

caffeine

A

a stimulant drug with low potency

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5
Q

cocaine/crack

A

a stimulant that agonizes the dopamine neurotransmitter system by blocking the reuptake of dopamine in the neuronal synapse

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6
Q

codeine

A

opiate with relatively low potency often prescribed for minor pain

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7
Q

collective unconscious

A

theoretical repository of information shared by all people across cultures, as described by Carl Jung

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8
Q

consciousness

A

awareness of internal and external stimuli

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9
Q

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

device used to treat sleep apnea; includes a mask that fits over the sleeper’s nose and mouth, which is connected to a pump that pumps air into the person’s airways, forcing them to remain open

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10
Q

delta wave

A

type of low frequency, high amplitude brain wave characteristic of stage 3 and stage 4 sleep

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11
Q

depressant

A

drug that tends to suppress central nervous system activity

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12
Q

euphoria

A

feelings of intense elation and pleasure from drug use

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13
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system

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14
Q

hallucinogen

A

one of a class of drugs that results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences, often with vivid hallucinations

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15
Q

hypnosis

A

state of extreme self-focus and attention in which minimal attention is given to external stimuli

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16
Q

insomnia

A

consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep for at least three nights a week over a month’s time

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17
Q

jet lag

A

collection of symptoms brought on by travel from one time zone to another that results from the mismatch between our internal circadian cycles and our environment

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18
Q

latent content

A

hidden meaning of a dream, per Sigmund Freud’s view of the function of dreams

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19
Q

lucid dream

A

people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream’s content

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20
Q

manifest content

A

storyline of events that occur during a dream, per Sigmund Freud’s view of the function of dreams

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21
Q

marijuana

A

cannabis, especially as smoked or consumed as a psychoactive (mind-altering) drug

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22
Q

meditation

A

clearing the mind in order to achieve a state of relaxed awareness and focus

23
Q

melatonin

A

hormone secreted by the endocrine gland that serves as an important regulator of the sleep-wake cycle

24
Q

methadone

A

synthetic opioid that is less euphorogenic than heroin and similar drugs; used to manage withdrawal symptoms in opiate users

25
Q

methamphetamine

A

type of amphetamine that can be made from pseudoephedrine, an over-the-counter drug; widely manufactured and abused

26
Q

morphine

A

narcotic; can treat moderate to severe pain

27
Q

narcolepsy

A

sleep disorder in which the sufferer cannot resist falling to sleep at inopportune times

28
Q

night terror

A

sleep disorder in which the sleeper experiences a sense of panic and may scream or attempt to escape from the immediate environment

29
Q

non-REM (NREM)

A

period of sleep outside periods of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

30
Q

opiate

A

one of a category of drugs that has strong analgesic properties; opiates are produced from the resin of the opium poppy; includes heroin, morphine, methadone, and codeine

31
Q

obstructive sleep apnea

A

sleep disorder defined by episodes when breathing stops during sleep as a result of blockage of the airway

32
Q

parasomnia

A

one of a group of sleep disorders characterized by unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep

33
Q

physical dependence

A

changes in normal bodily functions that cause a drug user to experience withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of use

34
Q

pineal gland

A

endocrine structure located inside the brain that releases melatonin

35
Q

psychological dependence

A

emotional, rather than a physical, need for a drug which may be used to relieve psychological distress

36
Q

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

A

period of sleep characterized by brain waves very similar to those during wakefulness and by darting movements of the eyes under closed eyelids

37
Q

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

A

sleep disorder in which the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur; sleepers have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams

38
Q

restless leg syndrome

A

sleep disorder in which the sufferer has uncomfortable sensations in the legs when trying to fall asleep that are relieved by moving the legs

39
Q

rotating shift work

A

work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily or weekly basis

40
Q

sleep debt

A

result of insufficient sleep on a chronic basis

41
Q

sleep rebound

A

sleep-deprived individuals will experience shorter sleep latencies during subsequent opportunities for sleep

42
Q

sleepwalking

A

(also, somnambulism) sleep disorder in which the sleeper engages in relatively complex behaviors

43
Q

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

infant (one year old or younger) with no apparent medical condition suddenly dies during sleep

44
Q

stage 1 sleep

A

first stage of sleep; transitional phase that occurs between wakefulness and sleep; the period during which a person drifts off to sleep

45
Q

stage 2 sleep

A

second stage of sleep; the body goes into deep relaxation; characterized by the appearance of sleep spindles

46
Q

stage 3 sleep

A

third stage of sleep; deep sleep characterized by low frequency, high amplitude delta waves

47
Q

stage 4 sleep

A

fourth stage of sleep; deep sleep characterized by low frequency, high amplitude delta waves

48
Q

stimulant

A

drug that tends to increase overall levels of neural activity; includes caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine

49
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A

area of the hypothalamus in which the body’s biological clock is located

50
Q

theta wave

A

type of low frequency, low amplitude brain wave characteristic of the end of stage 1 sleep

51
Q

tolerance

A

state of requiring increasing quantities of the drug to gain the desired effect

52
Q

wakefulness

A

characterized by high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior

53
Q

withdrawal

A

variety of negative symptoms experienced when drug use is discontinued

Psych 101 (13 decks)

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