Ch 01: Intro to Psychology

Question 1

behaviorism

Answer 1

focus on observing and controlling behavior

Question 2

biological psychology

Answer 2

study of how biology influences behavior

Question 3

Calkins

Answer 3

first woman to head the APA

Question 4

Clark

Answer 4

known for the doll study

Question 5

cognitive psychology

Answer 5

study of cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions

Question 6

critical thinking

Answer 6

involves maintaining an attitude of skepticism, recognizing internal biases, making use of logical thinking, asking appropriate questions, and making observations

Question 7

developmental psychology

Answer 7

scientific study of development across a lifespan

Question 8

dissertation

Answer 8

long research paper about research that was conducted as a part of the candidate’s doctoral training

Question 9

empirical method

Answer 9

method for acquiring knowledge based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities

Question 10

evolutionary psychology

Answer 10

behavior has adaptive or survival value

Question 11

feminist psychology

Answer 11

re-evaluating and discovering the contributions of women to the history of psychology, studying psychological gender differences, and questioning the male bias present across the practice of the scientific approach to knowledge

Question 12

five factor model

Answer 12

five dimensions including conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion that help explain a person’s personality

Question 13

forensic psychology

Answer 13

area of psychology that applies the science and practice of psychology to issues within and related to the justice system

Question 14

functionalism

Answer 14

focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment

Question 15

goals of psychology

Answer 15

description - what is happening explanation - why is it happening? - theory
prediction - what will happen in the future?
control - how can it be changed?

Question 16

health psychology

Answer 16

focuses on how health is affected by the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

Question 17

humanism

Answer 17

perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans

Question 18

hypothesis

Answer 18

tentative and testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables

Question 19

industrial-organizational psychology

Answer 19

a subfield of psychology that applies psychological theories, principles, and research findings in industrial and organizational settings

Question 20

William James

Answer 20

the first American psychologist who espoused a different perspective on how psychology should operate

Question 21

Abraham Maslow

Answer 21

an american psychologist best known for proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Question 22

Stanley Miligram

Answer 22

an american social psychologist who is most famous for research that he conducted on obedience

Question 23

multicultural psychology

Answer 23

culture has important impacts on individuals and social psychology

Question 24

Jean Piaget

Answer 24

famous for his theories regarding changes in cognitive ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood

Question 25

PhD

Answer 25

(doctor of philosophy) doctoral degree conferred in many disciplinary perspectives housed in a traditional college of liberal arts and sciences

Question 26

PsyD

Answer 26

(doctor of psychology) doctoral degree that places less emphasis on research-oriented skills and focuses more on application of psychological principles in the clinical context

Question 27

personality psychology

Answer 27

consistent pattern of thought and behavior

Question 28

psyche

Answer 28

greek word for soul

Question 29

psychiatrist

Answer 29

“medical approach”
can prescribe medication

Question 30

Carl Rogers

Answer 30

an american psychologist who emphasized the potential for good that exists within all people

Question 31

client-centered therapy

Answer 31

involves the patient taking a lead role in therapy session

Question 32

B. F. Skinner

Answer 32

an american behavioral psychologist that concentrated on how behavior was affected by its consequences

Question 33

Skinner box

Answer 33

a chamber that allowed the careful study of the principles of modifying behavior through reinforcement and punishment

Question 34

reinforcement and punishment

Answer 34

affects behavior

Question 35

social psychology

Answer 35

focuses on how we interact with and relate to others

Question 36

structuralism

Answer 36

understanding the conscious experience through introspection

Question 37

introspection

Answer 37

process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its component parts

Question 38

Francis Sumner

Answer 38

first African American to obtain a PhD
focused on racial bias

Question 39

Margaret Washburn

Answer 39

first woman to obtain a PhD in psychology

Question 40

John B. Watson

Answer 40

an american psychologist who focused directly on observable behavior and try to bring that behavior under control

Question 41

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 41

known as the father of psychology

Question 42

psychology

Answer 42

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 43

Sigmund Freud

Answer 43

an Austrian psychologist who was fascinated by patients suffering from “hysteria” and neurosis

Question 44

psychoanalytic theory

Answer 44

focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious, as well as early childhood experiences