Cessna 310 Systems Flashcards
Oil system
Wet sump (large oil pan at the bottom of engine vs oil storage storage in separate location in dry sump applications. Dry sump is better for high performance applications)
12 qt max, 9 qt min
Describe the engines
2 x continental IO-470
260 hp each
Jet augmentation exhaust system( design that uses Venturi effect to help suck the exhaust out)
Prop system
Engine driven prop governor that uses oil to hydraulically decrease prop pitch once in governing speed.
Let’s say your props are set for 2300 rpm and your MAP is at 18”. You find that you are a few minutes behind so you increase your MAP to 20”. This creates a momentary overspeed situation in the prop governor. In other words, the fly weights in the governor are forced outward which forces a valve open which allows oil from the prop to return to the wet sump. With less oil in the prop hub, the mechanical flyweights increase the angle of the blades towards the feathered position. This creates more resistance which slows the RPM back down to 2300. The greater angle of attack takes bigger bites out of the air causing airspeed to increase. The opposite occurs for under speed situations.
Twin engine theory of when props should feather is opposite of single engine theory. While it is true that if you have a complete engine failure, you want to feather the prop regardless of being a twin or single. However, engineers designed single engine prop systems to rotate towards a fine pitch in the event of losing oil/hydraulic pressure. The assume you are more likely to experience a loss of prop control system than a total engine failure. With a single engine, this will allow the prop to default to a high power setting since you still have the use of the engine. In a twin, the props work opposite of single engine. They have mechanical springs and fly weights that want to feather the the prop in case of any type of failure (low drag) since you have another engine.
If your engine has stopped and the prop is not feathered in time, it results in the prop trying to turn the engine which results in negative torque and will likely bend/damage engine/prop components.
During engine out demonstrations, the throttle is set to 12-15” to by the IP simulate zero thrust.
If fire, fod or frozen (seized), you are not going to try and restart. If loss of fuel supply(I.e. burning out of the aux tank) then restart.
Electrical system
2x28v/50 amp generators
2x12 volt batteries in “series” =24 volts
Systems run off the generators when on. Engine starts use battery power (batteries are In left wing that is why we start left engine first=least resistance) and so do the electrical systems until generators online. This is why there is a positive on the amp meter initially(charging batteries) and then it goes to zero.
Fuel system
Main tanks 50, aux 15 for 130 gallons but 120 usable
Fuel injected
2 x engine driven fuel pumps
2 x electric driven auxiliary driven fuel pumps
Prime is half speed on is full speed
engines pull less fuel to engines than is pumped to engines, excess fuel is returned to mains. This is why you see a rise in fuel level in the mains when you switch to the aux tanks
Gear system
Electro mechanical= electrical motor that drives a gear box mechanism and linkage
Linkage also opens and closes gear doors along with the two tread assist step (steps to get in)
The three position gear knob raises (red light) and lowers (green light) the gear. The middle indent (third position) disengages electrical circuit and needs to in this position when using the hand crank
All three gears have upper limit switches to allow red light, lower limit switches to allow green light.
Left main has the squat switch (safety weight on wheels switch) which separates the circuit when gear is compress (on the ground)
Right main has squat switch that start tachometer when wheels leave the ground
The throttles have a “micro switch” at 12” MAP that sounds the gear horn if you do not have the gear down.
