cervical spine- normal

Question 1

what is the min and sup views for cervical

Answer 1

min- AP (or APOM) and lat

sup- oblique, swimmers, flex/ext

Question 2

search pattern of APOM

Answer 2

A- paradontoid space, lat masses, c0-c1
B- all
C- joint c0 and c1
S- check dark areas

Question 3

Ap lower cervical; levels and what should you see

Answer 3

c3-7

unicate process on edges of articulating surfaces of vertbodies

Question 4

what is the sine wave on on what view will you see it

Answer 4

lat thoracic

pattern along lat margins of articullar pillars (along facet j), should have no pointy bits protruding lat

Question 5

what is harris’ ring

Answer 5

C2 TVP (looks like a cortical circle)

Question 6

What is the antlanto dental interspace and what is the max for child and adult

Answer 6

b/w odontoid and ant tubercle

adult max= 3mm
child max= 5mm

Question 7

what should be the search pattern for the cervical spine

Answer 7

A- georges line, spinolaminar line(bw spine and lamina)
B- count all bones
C- ADI, disk spaces

Question 8

What does obliques in the cervical spine visualize well

Answer 8

IVF + pedicals

Question 9

How do u know what side ivfs ur looking at

Answer 9

ASS- Ant= same side ivfs

POO- post= opposisite side ivfs

Question 10

how can u tell right or left sided structures in an oblique

Answer 10

the marker will tell you what side structures you are looking at

Question 11

What do flex and extension studies of the cervical spine assess

Answer 11

assesses each vert motion segment seperatly in flex and ext

-assesses both rot +translation @ each vert seg

Question 12

what are causes of instability in the c spine

Answer 12

developmental
degenerative
trauma
tumor
infection
post op

Question 13

strongest predictors of cervical instability

Answer 13

• muscle dysfunction
• motor control abnormalities
• strength loses

Question 14

how to measure instability in the cervical spine

Answer 14

measure dif between normal and flex or ext
both translation (using georges line)
or angulation

every segment

Question 15

(instability) amount of translation in lumbar spine and angulation in l1-4, l4/5, l5/s1 to constitute instability

Answer 15

translation= >4.5 mm
angulation l1-4= 15
l4/5= 20
l5/s1=25

Question 16

amount of translation and angulation in cervical spine to constitute instability

Answer 16

> 3.5mm translation

>11-12 angulation

Question 17

what is chamberlins line and what is an abnormal measurement for it

Answer 17

-post margin of hard palate to post aspect of foramen magnum

abnormal- if dens projects > 7mm above (basillar impression)

Question 18

what is mcgregors line and what is an abnormal measurement in it for males and females

Answer 18

-post margin of hard palate to inf surface of occiput

abnormal; if dens projects >8mm in males or 10mm in females

Question 19

normal lordosis angle in the cervical spine

Answer 19

35-45 degrees

Question 20

what is pillar hyperplasia

Answer 20

when there is a lack of lordosis

-lines on facet planes are parallel instead of converging together

Question 21

cervical gravitational line (what does it pass thru + what is it assessing for)

Answer 21

vertical from apex of dens and should pass thru c7 body

-assesses for ant head carriage

Question 22

retropharyngeal interspace- level it is measured at and what is the max

Answer 22

C2->post pharynx

max=7mm

Question 23

retrotracheal interpace- what level is it measured at and what is the max

Answer 23

c6->post pharynx

max=20-22mm

Question 24

how to measure the saggital dimesion of the spinal cord in the cervical spine and what is considered stenosis

Answer 24

midpoint of VB->spinolaminar line

from c4-7= <12mm = stenosis

Question 25

where is a calcified stylohyoid lig found

Answer 25

travel from the styloid process to the hyoid bone

-will see density overlapping the angles of the mandibke