Cervical ROM And MMT Flashcards
What are the 3 levels of observation?
Skin, subcutaneous, bony structure
What are the three tools to measure cervical ROM?
Goni, measuring tape, inclinometer
Cervical flexion and extension w/ tape measure (landmarks and cue)
-tip of mandible to sternal notch
Flexion: “Nod your head downward without rounding your shoulders”
Extension: “Nod your head up and try to look at the ceiling”
Cervical SB/lateral flexion with tape measure (landmarks and cue)
-tip of mastoid process to acromion process
-watch for lateral shifts
“Keep nose straight and bring ear to shoulder”
Cervical rotation with measuring tape (landmarks and cue)
-tip of mandible to acromion process(?)
“Turn your head and bring your nose over shoulder”
Cervical flexion w/ Goni (landmarks and norm values)
S: perpendicular to floor
F: ear hole
M: nares (nostrils)
45-50 degrees
Cervical extension w/ Goni (landmarks and norm value)
S: perpendicular to floor
F: ear hole
M: nares (nostrils)
85 degrees
Cervical rotation w/ Goni (landmarks and norm value)
S: acromion to acromion
F: top of head
M: tip of nose
70-90 degrees
Cervical side bending w/ Goni (landmarks and norm values)
S: perpendicular to floor
F: C7
M: midline of skull
40 degrees
Cervical flexion and extension w/ inclinometer
-back of head and C7 in Sagittal plane
Cervical side bending w/ inclinometer
Back of head and C7 in frontal plane
Cervical rotation w/ inclinometer
Pt supine and rest on on forehead
Capital extension MMT against gravity
PRONE - head toward one end and off table, arms at side palms up, hold pt’s forehead
3 - through full available range
4 - moderate resistance at slight angle
5 - max resistance
What muscles do capital extension?
Rectus capitis posterior minor and major
Obliques capitis superior and inferior
Splenius capitis
Semispinalis capitis
Spinalis capitis
Capital extension MMT gravity eliminated
SUPINE - head supported w/ hands under occiput
2 - completes limited range
1 - palpate suboccipital
0 - no contraction
Cervical extension MMT against gravity
PRONE - head off edge of table and arms at side
3 - pt holds test position
4 - moderate resistance in available
5 - max resistance in available
Cervical extension MMT gravity eliminated
SUPINE
2 - pt moves through small range by pushing into PT’s hands
1 - palpate
0 - no contraction
Muscles for cervical extension
Longissimus cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, Iliocostalis cervicis, Splenius cervicis, UT, Spinalis cervicis
Capital flexion MMT against gravity
SUPINE - head on tables and arms at side
3 - available range w/o lifting head off table
4 - moderate resistance applied at mandible
5 - max resistance applied at mandible
Capital flexion MMT gravity eliminated
SUPINE
2 - pt completes partial range
1 - palpate
0 - no contraction
Cervical flexion MMT against gravity
SUPINE - hook lying and arms at side
3 - pt able to do motion w/o
4 - moderate resistance
5 - max resistance (able to hold against moderate to mild 2 finger resistance)
Cervical flexion MMT gravity eliminated
SUPINE - head supported
2 - partial range
1 - palpate
0 - no contraction
What do you have to ask pt before applying resistance for cervical flex?
Any jaw pain, TMJ, upper cervical pain?
SCM MMT against gravity
SUPINE - head supported on table and turned to side
3 - completes available range
4 - moderate resistance on temporal area above ear
5 - max resistance
SCM MMT gravity eliminated
SUPINE - head supported on table
2 - partial range
1 - palpate
0 - no contraction
Cervical rotation MMT against gravity
SUPINE - head supported on table w/ face turned to one side as far as possible
3 - pt rotates head through full available range on B sides
4 - moderate resistance applied on head above ear (c/s in neutral)
5 - max resistance
Cervical rotation MMT gravity eliminated
SITTING - trunk and head can be supported against high back chair. Head neutral
2 - partial range
1 - palpate SCM
0 - no contraction
Muscles for cervical flexion
SCM, longus colli, anterior scalenes
Muscles for capital flexion
Rectus capitis anterior and lateralis, longus capitis
