Cervical ROM And MMT

Question 1

What are the 3 levels of observation?

Answer 1

Skin, subcutaneous, bony structure

Question 2

What are the three tools to measure cervical ROM?

Answer 2

Goni, measuring tape, inclinometer

Question 3

Cervical flexion and extension w/ tape measure (landmarks and cue)

Answer 3

-tip of mandible to sternal notch
Flexion: “Nod your head downward without rounding your shoulders”
Extension: “Nod your head up and try to look at the ceiling”

Question 4

Cervical SB/lateral flexion with tape measure (landmarks and cue)

Answer 4

-tip of mastoid process to acromion process
-watch for lateral shifts
“Keep nose straight and bring ear to shoulder”

Question 5

Cervical rotation with measuring tape (landmarks and cue)

Answer 5

-tip of mandible to acromion process(?)
“Turn your head and bring your nose over shoulder”

Question 6

Cervical flexion w/ Goni (landmarks and norm values)

Answer 6

S: perpendicular to floor
F: ear hole
M: nares (nostrils)

45-50 degrees

Question 7

Cervical extension w/ Goni (landmarks and norm value)

Answer 7

S: perpendicular to floor
F: ear hole
M: nares (nostrils)

85 degrees

Question 8

Cervical rotation w/ Goni (landmarks and norm value)

Answer 8

S: acromion to acromion
F: top of head
M: tip of nose

70-90 degrees

Question 9

Cervical side bending w/ Goni (landmarks and norm values)

Answer 9

S: perpendicular to floor
F: C7
M: midline of skull

40 degrees

Question 10

Cervical flexion and extension w/ inclinometer

Answer 10

-back of head and C7 in Sagittal plane

Question 11

Cervical side bending w/ inclinometer

Answer 11

Back of head and C7 in frontal plane

Question 12

Cervical rotation w/ inclinometer

Answer 12

Pt supine and rest on on forehead

Question 13

Capital extension MMT against gravity

Answer 13

PRONE - head toward one end and off table, arms at side palms up, hold pt’s forehead
3 - through full available range
4 - moderate resistance at slight angle
5 - max resistance

Question 14

What muscles do capital extension?

Answer 14

Rectus capitis posterior minor and major
Obliques capitis superior and inferior
Splenius capitis
Semispinalis capitis
Spinalis capitis

Question 15

Capital extension MMT gravity eliminated

Answer 15

SUPINE - head supported w/ hands under occiput
2 - completes limited range
1 - palpate suboccipital
0 - no contraction

Question 16

Cervical extension MMT against gravity

Answer 16

PRONE - head off edge of table and arms at side
3 - pt holds test position
4 - moderate resistance in available
5 - max resistance in available

Question 17

Cervical extension MMT gravity eliminated

Answer 17

SUPINE
2 - pt moves through small range by pushing into PT’s hands
1 - palpate
0 - no contraction

Question 18

Muscles for cervical extension

Answer 18

Longissimus cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, Iliocostalis cervicis, Splenius cervicis, UT, Spinalis cervicis

Question 19

Capital flexion MMT against gravity

Answer 19

SUPINE - head on tables and arms at side
3 - available range w/o lifting head off table
4 - moderate resistance applied at mandible
5 - max resistance applied at mandible

Question 20

Capital flexion MMT gravity eliminated

Answer 20

SUPINE
2 - pt completes partial range
1 - palpate
0 - no contraction

Question 21

Cervical flexion MMT against gravity

Answer 21

SUPINE - hook lying and arms at side
3 - pt able to do motion w/o
4 - moderate resistance
5 - max resistance (able to hold against moderate to mild 2 finger resistance)

Question 22

Cervical flexion MMT gravity eliminated

Answer 22

SUPINE - head supported
2 - partial range
1 - palpate
0 - no contraction

Question 23

What do you have to ask pt before applying resistance for cervical flex?

Answer 23

Any jaw pain, TMJ, upper cervical pain?

Question 24

SCM MMT against gravity

Answer 24

SUPINE - head supported on table and turned to side
3 - completes available range
4 - moderate resistance on temporal area above ear
5 - max resistance

Question 25

SCM MMT gravity eliminated

Answer 25

SUPINE - head supported on table
2 - partial range
1 - palpate
0 - no contraction

Question 26

Cervical rotation MMT against gravity

Answer 26

SUPINE - head supported on table w/ face turned to one side as far as possible
3 - pt rotates head through full available range on B sides
4 - moderate resistance applied on head above ear (c/s in neutral)
5 - max resistance

Question 27

Cervical rotation MMT gravity eliminated

Answer 27

SITTING - trunk and head can be supported against high back chair. Head neutral
2 - partial range
1 - palpate SCM
0 - no contraction

Question 28

Muscles for cervical flexion

Answer 28

SCM, longus colli, anterior scalenes

Question 29

Muscles for capital flexion

Answer 29

Rectus capitis anterior and lateralis, longus capitis